Всероссийский сборник статей и публикаций института развития образования, повышения квалификации и переподготовки.

.. e-mailK stelliferovskiyRastFruN wwwFbook24Fru12331;, (F F !. "F, F 6, !F 2, ) * �*!.�, H. J :Mitchell H. X. fo the fop 4 Intermediate Student�s Book.� �� �ujlications, 2006.�arenting feens� http:// parentingteens.ajout.com/feens falk ]jout� http:// kidshealth.org/teen/http:// www.theqreeresource.com/http:// www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-diqqerent-types-oq-ecotourism-destinations.htmzikipedia, the qree encyclopedia. bnglish-language version oq zikipedia.� en.wikipedia.org #$5$281'A?A  !; + !; +     2019$    $  +   +$ $.� #.: R&D&, 2019.� www.� pi.ru? + @ % $-E  %$EV;        $-  +    +$ $.� #.: R&D&, 2019.� www.� pi.ru+ A   !; + !; +     2019$    $ - +    +$ $ ( !+  !*.� #.: R&D&, 2019.� www.� pi.ru+ A   !; + !; +-     2019$    $ - +    +$ $ ($   !*.� #.: R&D&, 2019.� www.� pi.ru@ . #.     % A;: 5�11  .: . + .� #.: & !  ', 2018.4 O. Q., @ . #. &-2015:    : 20  +A; %     -+$  $ +$ +$ 9   .� #.: ':   !, @ . #., 4 O. Q.    : D    -    &: 9   .� #.: ':   !, 2012.Abbs Brian. Blueprint Intermediate Student�s Book.� ongman �roup, 1995.Acklam Richard. �oing qor �old Intermediate _oursejook.� �earson bducation imited, 2003.�oscow,�ay 25, 2019^ear �ane,fhank you qor your letter. I can�t help admiring your enthusiasm ajout summer holidays.]s qor me, I hate doing nothing in summer. But I�m aqraid your way oq spending summer is too active, especially qor a girl. Besides, I�m a jit aqraid oq horses.I usually spend halq oq my holidays in the countryside, where I help my granny in the garden. �y qavourite task there is to look aqter strawjerries. ]nd also we spend a month at the seaside, where we rent a small house qor the qamily. fhere I go diving and waterskiing and I xust adore all kinds oq water activities.Sorry, I have to � nish. �y mum needs help ajout the house.zrite jack soon.ove,Stasey A 7 2;9 ?  .*]s qor a place to go, there is nothing entertaining nearjy, so iq I am too jored, I xust go jack to my town qor a couple oq days.Sorry, have to go shopping.zrite jack soon.Best wishes,]ndrewJ   % J   % 13D12182IG213193320�ostD321are toldG322do not want/ don�t wantI223have liked712D832G93I1D7822I10327choose11228disadvantages12229achievement13330loss1D331arguments1G332addition1I11712;8�oscow^ear ]nn,fhanks a lot qor your letter. I�m so glad your dream has ] lot oq people in my country keep pets, and the most pop-ular are dogs and cats. I think, they do it jecause it�s nice to have a living creature who loves you xust qor what you are. fhat�s why lonely people oqten keep pets, though it�s diq� cult in jig cities. �ou have to walk a dog somewhere. It�s much eas-ier with cats, jut still you can�t leave your house qor a long �nqortunately, I haven�t got a pet, jecause my little sister is allergic to animals� hair. �y dream is to have a dog in the quture.Sorry, have to go shopping.zrite jack soon.ove,famarafula, �ussia^ear fom,fhank you qor your letter and qor sharing your projlem.I go to our country house every summer. �ortunately, Ihave a couple oq qriends there and when it�s raining we play joard games, qor e~ample, ��onopoly�. I think, you can � nd diqqerent joard games in any jookshop.Besides, in jad weather I read a lot. Now you can carry a li-jrary xust in one i�ad. ]lso I search the Internet qor the news and sometimes I watch � lms online (Idon�t like f�*. A 7 2;; ?  .*Samara, �ussia^ear Bill,fhanks qor your letter. I was sorry to learn ajout your �uarrel.I think, all parents act the same. `q course, they let me go out in the evening, jut not later than 10 p.m. fhe only e~cep-tion is visiting the theatre. ]s perqormances usually end later than that time, I get home ajout 11 o�clock. But dad usually picks me up at the theatre or meets me at the jus stop.I usually go to jed at 11.30 and it�s not my mum�s order. I xust need to sleep well. ]nd I seldom watch f� at all, so iq there is something e~traordinary on, then all oq us watch it.Sorry, have to � nish and do my cleaning.zrite jack soon.Best wishes,^an�oscowfhe 10th oq �ay^ear Sam,fhanks a lot qor your letter.It was nice to learn that we share the same qeelings.I never liked �riday jeqore, jecause I had to study on Sat-urday. But this year we have no Saturday lessons, so �riday is my qavourite day as well. fhe way I spend my weekends de-pends on the weather. I oqten go to the park with my qriends or with my qamily. So, you see, I preqer not to stay alone. Iq it�s not warm enough, we can go to the cinema. `n rainy days my qriends and I xust sit at our homes chatting online.Sorry, today is not �riday, so I have to do homework.zrite jack soon.ove,2;6J 123DGNaturalridiculouschildhoodphoto-grapherjroadenImpossijleunsuitajleajsolutelyheroictravellerIndustrial]ctually happinessstrengthcarequllyactivitiesjehaviourstandingpracticallydiqqerentglojalgreedyune~pectedcriminalsactivitiesdiqqerenceqriendlydiq� cultieswonderqul_ycling �skov, �ussia^ear Boj,fhanks a lot qor your letter. I was glad to learn ajout your �our mum shouldn�t worry ajout the qood. fhere are a lot oq qast qood restaurants oq all kinds even in my town. ]nd in �oscow and St. �etersjurg you�ll never stay hungry.]s qor the weather, spring is still rather cold in my country, so je sure to take a sweater, a warm xacket and a cap. ]nd don�t qorget ajout an umjrella. It can je rather wet, especially in St. �etersjurg. But also je ready qor warm days, jecause spring is very changeajle. ]nd the most important� comqortajle qootwear, you�ll have to walk very much.Sorry to � nish, have to help dad.zrite jack soon.Best wishes, A 7 2;: ?  .*44&   1. Blacken, simpliqy, sharpen, shorten, puriqy, redden, soq-ten, jeautiqy, jrighten, weaken, qalsiqy, sweeten, inten-siqy, widen 2. _haracteri�e, analy�e, sociali�e, sympathi�e, patroni�e, dramati�e, apologi�e, populari�e, recogni�e. 3. 1* hospitali�e 2* simpliqy 3* shorten 4* organi�e 5* vacci-nate 6* strengthen 7* jlacken 8* domesticate 9* classiqy 10* civili�e44&  # 1. a* jackward (s*, silently, widely, cruelly, aqterwards, happily, �uickly, partly, � rstly, e~tremely, northward (s* j* 1* e~tremely 2* aqterwards 3* happily 4* partly 5*north-ward (s* 6* cruelly 7* widely 8* silently 9* jackwards 2. 1* actually 2* surprisingly 3* upwards 4* �uickly 5* usual-ly 6* uckily 3. 1* really 2* e~tremely 3* ajsolutely 4* awqully 5* com-pletely 6* terrijly D. 1* impatient 2* homeless 3* astonishingly 4* protective 5*unpleasant 6* likely 7* medicinal 8* promising. G. 1* pro� tajle 2* angrily 3* wonderqully 4* unqair 5* qash-ionajly 6* unsaqe 7* dangerously 8* e~citing I. 1* wonderqul 2* charming 3* sensijle 4* eventually 5*colorqul 6* e~actly 7. 1* hardly 2* impossijle 3* actually 4* energetic 5* e~cit- 8. 1* elejrations 2* practically 3* bnglish 4* �ermany 5*symjoli�es 6* darkness 7* traditionally 8* jehavior/jehavior 9. 1* idealist 2* seriously 3* passionate 4* skillqul 5* listen-ers 6* construction 7* humanity/humankind 8* atomic. 1* disappear 2* unajle 3* unqriendly 4* mysterious 5*properly 6* property 7* investigation(s* 8* cruelty. 1* �apanese 2* various 3* dishonest 4* industrious 5*strangers 6* un� lled 7* impossijle 8* personal 1* � ightless 2* unusual 3* darkness 4* possijly 5* diq� cul-ty 6* New �ealanders2;444& "  &@ 1. aimless, carequl, careless, jeautiqul, hopequl, hopeless, doujtqul, doujtless, qruitless, usequl, useless, powerqul, powerless, thankqul, harmqul, harmless, colourqul, col-ourless 2. changeajle, eatajle/edijle, comparajle, convertijle, pro� tajle, readajle, comqortajle, respectajle, e~pecta- 3. central, cultural, qormal, intellectual, postal, acciden-tal, comical D. cloudy, dirty, qoggy, qrosty, rainy, sunny, thirsty, windy G. impatient, historical, dishonest, western, marvelous, unhappy, international, unconscious, active, prewar/postwar, illegal, irregular, rainy, skillqul, homeless, carequl/careless, comqortajle/uncomqortajle, unusual, helpqul/helpless, jeautiqul, hopequl/hopeless, joyish, sunny I. a* successqul, lucky, windy, diqqerent, happy, depress-ing, healthy, personal, wealthy, generous, messy, noisy, nancial, qortunate, dirty, romantic, medicinal, pollut- j* 1* generous 2* healthy 3* noisy 4* personal 5* windy 6* romantic 7* messy 8* depressing 9* zealthy 10* dirty, polluted 11* � nancial 12* successqul 13* ^iqqerent 14* lucky 7. 1* loving 2* irritated 3* surprised 4* rela~ing 5* e~citing 6* jored 7* interested 8* qascinating 9* e~cited. 8. 1* satis� ed 2* conqusing 3* worried 4* tired 5* amusing 6* scared 7* joring 8* tiring 9* attacking 10* scaring 9. 1* inhajited 2* wooden 3* continuous 4* additional 5* �arious 6* marvelous 1* colorqul 2* patriotic 3* qamous 4* troujlesome 5* dru- e~citement, appointment, disappointment, honesty, dishonest, dishonesty, patience, impatient, success-qul, direction, kindness, unkind, pro� tajle, helpqul, helpless, qriendship, qriendly, lucky, unlucky, likeness, A 7 2;3 ?  .*5')Bx antiwar, impossijle, discover, uncover, unpack, instajil-ity, discomqort, illijeral, irremovajle, antiterrorism, im-polite, disorder, inactive, nonjeliever, ineqqective, untie, unrealistic, illogical, irrational, disjelieq. 1* untidy 2* impossijle 3* dislikes 4* impolite 5* unpacked 6* unemployed 7* disagree 8* unqair 9* illegal 10* disap-peared 1* correct 2* impatient 3* necessary 4* un� t 5* unqair 6* tidy 7* visijle 8* unusual 9* irregular 10* impolite 11* dishonest 1* unattractive 2* disojedient 3* dishonest 4* �nqortunate-ly 5* dislikes 6* uncomqortajle 7* unkindBBx44& A&@ ]rtist, pianist, lijrarian, musician, typist, actor, conduc-tor, composer. director, driver, � ghter, qounder, inventor, leader, miner, reader, reporter, speaker, teacher ]chievement, announcement, collection, disappointment, comjination, improvement, connection, dictation, state-ment, inclusion, introduction, restriction, sujmission. a* e~ploration, e�uipment, revision, detection, detective, arrangement, entertainment, protection, prevention j* 1* revision 2* e�uipment 3* protect 4* prevention 5* entertainment 6* e~ploration 7* protection 8* arrange 9* entertain 10* arrangements 11* revise 12* detective 13* e�uips 14* detect a* amusement, pollution, achievement, punishment, as-tonishment, qreedom, preservation, purity, joredom, il-lustration, preparation j* 1* �ollution 2* preparation 3* punishment 4* illustration 5* qreedom 6* �reservation 7* joredom 8* purity 9* aston-ishment 10* achievement 11* amusement 1* actor 2* education 3* student 4* development 5* critics 2;2&& %  ;6& ; J 123DG rstgoesis goingis rememjered� rstwere juiltseemsdrovehas jecomemorewas huntingare not interested� rstjiggestcitiescould not/couldn�trojjerieswould returnmost spectacularwaswere � lledare givenwas growinglivedtheirownerstheirre� ectedwould dowere madetheirdo not react/don�t reactwere/waswere loweredjuildingsmost qavouritehas jecomejestis qollowedappearedchildrenjesthad con�ueredcolours A 7 2;1 ?  .* 1* to je 2* doing 3* lending 4* trying 5* to come 6* to meet 7* talking 8* seeing 9* waiting 10* to put out 11* meeting 12* to juy 13* having 14* jeing 15* watching 1* to say 2* to meet 3* to get 4* to get 5* driving 6* to walk 7* to have 8* staying 9* shining 10* seeing 1* singing 2* washed 3* written 4* visited 5* lying 6* jought 7* painted 8* lost 9* �oing 10* gathered 11* standing 12* jurnt 13* watching 14* faking 15* drunk 1* jurning 2* sinking 3* worried 4* jroken 5* doing 6* lost 7* turning 8* jought 9* Speaking 10* seen 1* e~cited 2* qascinating 3* jored 4* not knowing 5* given 6* rela~ed 7* talking 8* amusing 9* emjarrassed 10* sitting 11* interesting 12* taken 13* zaiting 1* them to stay 2* me to show 3* him to arrange 4* her to tell 5* her to introduce 6* them to je late 7* her to prevent 8* him talking 9* him write, pass 10* the stars sparkling 11* him to jehave 12* him work/working 13* him to juy 14* him tell 15* her walk 1* me, do 2* us to get, us start 3* the door open, somejody walk 4* me to tell 5* me jelieve 6* her go 7* the children playing 8* them return 9* him e~plaining 10* him to je late 11* me to do 12* her send 13* him to come, him do 14* them jehave 15* us leave 1* to hear 2* ^o you have to 3* should 4* to stay 5* me to pay 6* visiting 7* had to 8* can�t 9* are allowed to 10* couldn�t 11* are coming 12* must 13* we�re going 14* living 15* I�ll take 16* must 17* know 18* to see2;0sunny day. 10. I wish I wasn�t/weren�t tired. I wish I was/were qull oq energy. 1* came 2* don�t/do not appear3* called up 4* wouldn�t/would not worry 5* won�t/will not je ajle 6* were 7* don�t/do not 8* weren�t/were not % .    $ 1* a 2* j 3* c 4* j 5* a 6* j 7* j 8* j 9* c 10* c 1* lived 2* would 3* was 4* meant 5* knew 6* could 7* was 8* had 9* had jought 10* would 1* were crossing 2* saw 3* was standing 4* was waiting 5* had come 6* wanted 7* came 8* had 9* would je 10* had 11* had xust asked 12* didn�t have 13* met 14* showed 15* would xoin &  & 1* must 2* �ay, cannot 3* will je ajle to 4* cannot 5* may 6* can, cannot 7* will je ajle to 8* jeen ajle to 9* were ajle to 10* _an, cannot 1* won�t have to 2* didn�t have 3* won�t have to 4* doesn�t have to 5* don�t have to 6* had to 7* has to 8* have to 9* will have to 10* had to don�t have to 2* mustn�t 3* don�t have to 4* doesn�t have to 5* mustn�t 6* don�t have to 7* mustn�t 8* mustn�t 9* don�t have to 10* doesn�t have to 1* mustn�t 2* needn�t 3* mustn�t 4* needn�t 5* mustn�t 6* mustn�t 7* mustn�t 8* needn�t 9* needn�t 10* mustn�t 1* must have jeen 2* didn�t have to 3* might have jeen 4* couldn�t 5* were 6* should 7* je ajle to 1* could have 2* don�t have to 3* needn�t 4* ought 5* can�t 6* must have jeen 7* should 8* had to 9* might 10* should4. # 1* going 2* to speak 3* laughing 4* to � ll 5* to invite 6* to say 7* washing 8* pulling 9* visiting 10* to wish 11* smok-ing 12* qeeding 13* to deqrost 14* to � nd 15* driving A 7  ?  .* 1* was spoken 2* diqqered 3* know 4* has changed 5* has spread 6* is spoken 7* is used 8* are used 9* is taught 1* are protected 2* covers 3* is situated 4* is reached 5* are included 6* make 7* are taken 8* have jeen prepared 9* will 1* were caused 2* didn�t know 3* qound 4* were told 5* came 6* taught 7* had 8* was oqqered 9* toured 10* was made 1* xoined 2* was taught 3* was introduced 4* held 5* tried 6* didn�t succeed 7* returned 8* were married 9* was writ-ten 10*, disappeared& "% =     1* will qeel/doesn�t eat 2* works/will earn 3* wear/will je 4* don�t/rings 5* go/will lose 6* will je/comes 7* will spoil/plays 8* won�t talk/tell 9* will je disappointed/doesn�t in-vite 10 are/will meet 1* would write/had read 2* knew/would never 3* would help/were/was 4* had/would speak 5* would catch/leqt 6* would punish/came 7* was/were/wouldn�t ask 8* would je/didn�t qorget 9* would do/e~plained 10* didn�t drive/would avoid 1* would go 2* didn�t learn 3* is 4* knew 5* disturjed 6* has 7* would travel 8* didn�t study 9* is 10* was/were 1. �ou won�t understand the rule 2. I won�t je ajle to sleep. 3. I wouldn�t worry that much. 4. I would juy a new jicy-cle. 5. she will je weak and qat. 6. }e wouldn�t je so naugh-ty. 7. I won�t � nish my presentation. 8. they will miss their ight. 9. I would congratulate him on his jirthday this or that way. 10. I will do you a qavor ne~t time. 1. I wish it wasn�t cold. I wish it were/was warmer. 2. I wish I had more time qor my hojjy. 3. I wish I wasn�t/wer-en�t ill. 4. I wish I could play the guitar. 5. I wish I wasn�t/weren�t hungry. I wish I didn�t want to eat. 6. I can�t juy a car. I wish I could juy a car. 7. I wish I didn�t live in a at. I wish I lived in a jig � at. 8. I wish I didn�t wear a uniqorm to school. 9. I wish I wasn�t/weren�t at work on a hot, sunny day. I wish I were/was at the seaside on a hot, 10* am going to do 11* am going to visit 12* are you doing, will read 13* am going to juy 14* zill you help 15* will get1* am staying 2* lives 3* have jeen 4* have already done 5* went 6* was 7* entered 8* screamed 9* had never seen 10* went 11* wanted 12* was paying 13* stole 14* had al-ready spent 15* was 16* are 17* haven�t/have not done 18* am going to see 19* is 20* will go 21* will keep 22* am coming 23* will call 24* get1* am still doing 2* have already done 3* am writing 4* haven�t/have not written 5* got 6* hadn�t/had not prepared 7* tried 8* didn�t/did not want 9* was writing 10* called 11* invited 12* agreed 13* hadn�t/had not jeen 14* is going to happen/will happen 15* calls 16* will � nish5 &#   (@    + * 1* are 2* will je 3* was 4* is 5* was 6* is 7* was 8* will je 9* are 10* are 1* wasn�t jittenW was the child jitten�| 2* won�t je recon-structedW will the �oo je reconstructed| 3* isn�t checkedW is the luggage checked| 4* aren�t soldW are jeautiqul souve-nirs sold| 5* won�t je � nishedW will it je � nished| 6* wasn�t celejratedW 7* am not toldW will I/you je told| 8* aren�t invitedW are you invited| 9* won�t je discussedW will this �uestion je discussed| 10* weren�t sentW were your letters sent| 1* }e wasn�t asked to sit down. 2* ] trick was played on her jy somejody. 3* I was told to wait outside jy them. 4* She wasn�t invited to the party jy anyjody. 5* ze were driven to the airport jy my husjand. 6* ze aren�t sent any letters jy anyjody. 7* zas the teacher called up jy any-jody| 8* ]re you distressed jy anything during the e~am-ination| 9* ime � owers are collected to dry and make tea qrom them. 10* fhis jook isn�t taken jy anyjody without permission. 1* �ll never qorget 2* were taken 3* was shown 4* � nd 5* were discovered 6* wants 7* �ll always rememjer 8* was seen 9* am oqten told 10* will je picked up A 7 26; ?  .*already come 7* has qallen, did he qall, qell 8* have given, did you give 9* has jeen 10* has changed 11* }ave you ever visited 12* have lost, saw 13* didn�t/did not come, was 14* did you write 15* have you read1* live, have lived 2* works, has worked 3* haven�t/have not heard 4* have xust received, haven�t/have not re-ceived 5* wind 6* are your gloves, have 7* am going, am, is starving, has qed 8* is he, is, is playing 9* is, is shining 10* have phoned, knows, is 11* helps, has already washed, dusted, are cooking 12* }ave you qound, am still looking, have searched, haven�t/have not qound 13* juys, has col-lected, is reading 14* }as it stopped, is walking 15* has xust returned, goes1* got, had already started 2* reali�ed, hadn�t/had not phoned 3* put, had read 4* had spent, asked 5* did, had shown 6* told, had seen 7* had sold, moved 8* went, qound, had stolen 9* met, thought, had seen 10* got, had already leqt 11* met, hadn�t/had not seen 12* had � nished 13* had leqt, reached 14* had jeen, proposed 15* looked, had changed1* had done, was playing 2* had come, was having 3* had washed, was watching 4* met, was eating, had jought 5* came, were cooking, had gathered 6* saw, was sort-ing, had picked 7* came, saw, had jroken, was playing 8* opened, saw, had already jegun, were writing 9* came, was reading, had jrought 10* came, were eating, had cooked 11* leqt, had xust stopped, was shining 12* looked, were shouting, had xust had 13* decided, was, were sing-ing 14* arrived, hadn�t/had not come, were waiting1* will have, is 2* will � nish, go 3* will go, stops 4* don�t/do not leave, will je 5* doesn�t/does not hurry, won�t/will not catch 6* won�t/will not je, juys 7* won�t/will not qeel, take 8* will phone, returns 9* will have, drives nish, comes 11* will wash, has 12* will send, arrives 13* won�t/will not speak, doesn�t/does not apolo-gi�e 14* will write, learn 15* will help, stays1* will go 2* am having 3* are going to qall 4* will juy 5* are having, are going to come/are coming 6* arrives 7* does the � lm start 8* is going to rain 9* is arriving ew 2* switched on 3* ran, was studying 4* jegan, were playing 5* walked, sat 6* started, was walking 7* was listening, rang 8* went 9* qound, was cleaning 10* ate 11* was doing, had 12* jit, screamed 13* ate, drank 14* saw, was waiting 15* were playing, started1* came, was sleeping 2* came, were playing 3* came, was watching 4* was crossing, qell 5* were walking, saw 6* was washing, qound 7* was playing, saw 8* came, was playing 9* saw, were playing 10* opened, was sitting 11* was reading, qell 12* was making, rang 13* saw, was driving 14* was singing, was doing 15* was drinking, was 1* were you doing, was working, was, didn�t see/did not see 2* celejrated, were, came, was playing, were dancing 3* came, saw, was/were sitting, was reading 4* saw, was running, didn�t have/did not have 5* had, said, were hav-ing 6* were you, was, rang, answered, was, was reading, didn�t hear/did not hear 7* looked, was raining, were hurrying 8* was working 9* was raining 10* qell, jroke, was playing 11* worked, went, qounded, was 12* was ly-ing, reading 13* zere you, were you doing 14* looked, was also wearing 15* didn�t want/did not want, were watching1* was reading 2* heard 3* opened 4* looked 5* was 6* couldn�t/could not 7* was closing 8* noticed 9* was trying 10* saw 11* xumped 12* tried 13* ran 14* were 15* was getting 16* caught1* got 2* am jeginning 3* hurts 4* walk 5* decided 6* was walking 7* didn�t notice/did not notice 8* qell 9* sprained 10* am staying 11* managed 12* wanted 13* want 14* gave1* haven�t � nished/have not � nished 2* has stopped 3* went, were 4* moved 5* hasn�t/has not visited 6* have xust seen 7* has never jeen 8* did you read, lived 9* ha-ven�t/have not jeen 10* hasn�t/has not learnt/learned 11* has never jeen 12* }ave you jooked, jooked 13* went 14* didn�t/did not go 15* were you1* have never heard 2* has jeen 3* was, has recovered 4* haven�t/have not read 5* hasn�t/has not come 6* has A 7  ?  .*10* smokes, doesn�t smoke/does not smoke 11* don�t work/do not work 12* cries 13* invites 14* open 15* washes 1* am reading 2* are playing 3* is talking 4* am making 5* are studying 6* are listening 7* are standing 8* is leaving 9* am sitting 10* is carrying 11* are you crying 12* are run-ning 13* is having 14* are staying 15* is getting 1* is doing 2* does 3* go 4* are going 5* is crying, cries 6* am talking 7* are planning 8* think 9* am thinking 10* don�t think/do not think 11* isn�t raining/is not rain-ing, doesn�t rain/does not rain 12* is taking 13* ^o you know 14* am having 15* is he going 16* is your sister, is, is doing 17* is playing 1* am writing 2* like 3* am thinking 4* don�t know/do not know 5* knows 6* is always studying 7* hope 8* don�t mind/do not mind 9* are you planning 10* are going 11* wants 12* jelieve 13* live 1* am having 2* am staying 3* own 4* catch 5* say 6* am mak-ing 7* don�t understand/do not understand 8* help 9*like 10* am developing 11* is coming 12* is 13* ^o you miss16. dropped � dropped 24. planned � planned17. tried � tried 25. won � won ew � � own 26. played � played19. came � come 27. jought � jought20. drove � driven 28. caught � caught21. went � gone 29. cried � cried22. got � got 30. jrought � jrough23. taught � taught16. told � told 24. slept � slept17. spoke � spoken 25. jegan � jegun18. juilt � juilt 26. jroke � jroken19. qorgot � qorgotten 27. drew � drawn20. knew � known 28. qell � qallen21. understood � understood 29. qelt � qelt22. stopped � stopped 30. drank � drunk23. made � made 3. 1* deeper 2* easier 3* jetter 4* cleverest 5* deepest 6* snowiest, coldest 7* elder, older 8* qewer 9* most im-portant 10* most precious 11* more e~pensive 12* most interesting 13* most qamous 14* jest 15* noisier D. 1* hotter 2* worst 3* most stupid 4* more qre�uent 5* worst 6* jetter 7* more pleasant 8* most energetic 9* qurther 10* happier 11* harder 12* most successqul 13* older 14* smartest 15* prettiest G. 1* qaster, qaster 2* more 3* worse 4* jetter 5* more care-qully 6* jest 7* more easily 8* later 9* more qre�uently 10* earlier, more �uickly 11* least 12* jest 13* harder 14* more slowly 15* jetter I. 1* interested 2* worried 3* jored 4* annoyed 5* tiring 6* e~cited 7* joring 8* surprising 9* qrightening 10* qas-cinating 11* depressed 12* emjarrassing 13* amusing 14* satis� ed 15* tiring 7. ed 2* emjarrassing 3* interested 4* e~citing 5* terriqying 6* ama�ed 7* disgusting 8* depressing 9* e~-cited 10* e~hausting 11* joring, interesting 12* aston-ished 13* e~citing 14* e~hausted 15* jored, e~citing 8. 1* pretty 2* hard 3* late 4* highly 5* high, hardly 6* near 7* lately 8* prettily 9* nearly 10* jadly 11* lately 12* highly 13* hardly 14* nearly 15* pretty 9. 1* most interesting 2* jest 3* taller 4* jusiest 5* most e~citing 6* most ama�ing 7* coldest 8* worst 9* happier 10* jetter1* jest 2* more 3* qriendlier 4* easier 5* jetter 6* more diq� cult 7* warmer 8* worst 9* more happily 10* most jeautiqul&#   1* is 2* is 3* were 4* will je 5* was 6* will je 7* is 8* will je 9* is 10* isn�t/is not 11* will je 12* will je 1* goes 2* likes, drinks 3* watches 4* play 5* plays 6* sings 7* washes 8* drink 9* does 10* drives 11* misses 12* go nish 14* rains 15* leave 1* goes 2* does 3* has 4* takes 5* call 6* jegins 7* don�t walk/do not walk 8* doesn�t read/does not read 9* likes A 7  ?  .* 9. more qamous� (the* most qamous10. more pleasant� (the* most pleasant11. more carequl� (the* most carequl12. jusier� (the* jusiest13. prettier� (the* prettiest14. cleverer� (the* cleverest15. jigger� (the* jiggest16. older/elder� (the* oldest/eldest17. later� (the* latest18. qarther/qurther� (the* qarthest/qurthest19. nearer� (the* nearest20. earlier� (the* earliest21. worse� (the* worst22. jetter� (the* jest23. more important� (the* most important24. qriendlier� (the* qriendliest22. uglier� (the* ugliest23. more terrijle� (the* most terrijle24. longer� (the* longest25. drier� (the* driest ner� (the* � nest27. more jeautiqul� (the* most jeautiqul28. wetter� (the* wettest29. more� (the* most30. less� (the* least31. qewer� (the* qewest32. more� (the* most33. more comqortajle� (the* most comqortajle34. more easily� (the* most easily35. more sensijle� (the* most sensijle36. healthier� (the* healthiest37. jetter� (the* jest38. more oqten� (the* most oqten39. worse� (the* worst40. qaster� (the* qastest41. harder� (the* hardest42. more incredijle� (the* most incredijle 1* him 2* them 3* us 4* her 5* it 6* them, her 7* me 8* it 1* its 2* my 3* mine 4* their 5* your 6* its 7* our 8* Its 1* my, yours 2* their, fheirs 3* your, �ine 4* �y, yours 5* ours 6* yours, mine 7* your, `urs 8* my, hers 9* my, your 10* our, theirs 1* myselq 2* yourselq/yourselves 3* yourselq 4* ourselves 5* herselq 6* yourselves 7* themselves 8* herselq 9* our-selves 10* myselq 1* this 2* that 3* these 4* those 5* that 6* those 7* these 8* that 9* those 10* these 1* any, some 2* some 3* no 4* any, some 5* any 6* no 7* some 8* some, any 9* some, some 10* no, some 1* something 2* anything 3* anything, nothing 4* anyjody 5* something 6* anything 7* Somejody 8* some, no/no, some 9* something 10* anyjody 11* Nothing 12* some, any 13* anything 14* any, something 15* anyjody, any 1* a lot oq 2* qew 3* a qew 4* much 5* a little 6* many 7* much 8* little 9* many 10* a qew 1* mine 2* something 3* her 4* our 5* them 6* these 7* me 8* myselq 9* nothing 1* twenty second 2* third 3* � rst 4* thirty � rst 5* thirteenth 6* eleventh 7* twenty third 8* eighth 9* nineteenth 10* ninety ninth5')6(x) =(')/E1. higher� (the* highest2. hotter� (the* hottest3. qunnier� (the* qunniest4. cooler� (the* coolest5. sweeter� (the* sweetest6. thinner� (the* thinnest7. wider� (the* widest8. wiser� (the* wisest A 7 261 ?  .* �r. Smith�s houseW 2. the jajy�s toyW 3. these women�s jagsW 4. my grandparents� cottageW 5. the children�s jooksW 6.{ate and �ary�s motherW 7. �icasso and ^ali�s paintingsW 8.the sun�s in� uenceW 9. �reenland�s icy mountainsW 10.�eter the �reat�s timesW 11. � ve kilometres� distanceW 12. two hours� work�ala~ies, keys, glasses, torches, handkerchieqs, qactories, leaves, �oos, pri�es, potatoes, pianos, watches, geese, � remen, qeet, mice, policewomen, sheep, deer, teeth, qellow-workers, merry-go-rounds, men-oq-war, passers-jy, jrothers-in-law, qorget-me-nots, room-mates, women-drivers�urniture, coqqee, qood, jlood, xoj, work, hair, advice, inqormation, money, progress, porridge, luggage, weather, knowledge, air, water, scenery, jread, news, successScissors, pyxamas, police, pants, spectacles, clothes, shorts, tights, congratulations, traq� c-lights, headphones, trousers, xeans1. areW 2. isW 3. isW 4. isW 5. isW 6. isW 7. areW 8. areW 9. isW isW 10. isW areW 11. areW 12. isW 13. areW 14. areW 15. isW 16. are 1* children 2* animals 3* monkeys 4* rhinos 5* o~en 6*deer 7* geese 8* deliveries 9* potatoes 10* tomatoes 11*photos 12*videos 13* paws 14* teeth1* nieces 2* meals 3* children 4* knives 5* dishes 6*potatoes 7* teeth 8* mice 9* walls 10* women*   1*   2*  % 3�8153411654131212321245132152632221312331243263513333112   1   2   3   DJ  -J  -J  -J  - !/E (( nitive_ast Xense_ast _articiple5 sweepsweptswept+! swimswamswum !swingswungswung! taketooktaken!W %!teachtaughttaught$!teartoretorn!telltoldtold !W !thinkthoughtthought$+!throwthrewthrown% !understandunderstoodunderstood+!upsetupsetupset$! ( *,  !wakewokewoken ! W %$!wearworeworn ! (@$* weepweptwept !winwonwon!windwoundwound! (+;-writewrotewritten !    nitive_ast Xense_ast _articiple5 shootshotshot  !W ! %showshowedshown!shrinkshrankshrunk V! W @-shutshutshut!singsangsung!sinksanksunk$ ! W $-@! W $!sitsatsat !sleepsleptslept !smeltW smeltW speakspokespoken!spendspentspent!splitsplitsplit V! ( * spoilspoiltW spoiledspoiltW spoiled!spreadspreadspread  ! springsprangsprung !W $!standstoodstood !stealstolestolen$ !strikestruckstruck% !swearsworesworn0   $ #$2:; !/E (( nitive_ast Xense_ast _articiple5 oversleepoversleptoverslept (*!paypaidpaid !putputput  !�uit�uitW �uitted�uitW �uitted  !readreadread!retellretoldretold !rideroderidden! ;+ringrangrung!riseroserisen! runranrun%@!W !saysaidsaid!W !seesawseen!seeksoughtsought !sellsoldsold!sendsentsent !setsetset$  !sewsewedsewnP!shakeshookshaken shineshoneshone !W !0    nitive_ast Xense_ast _articiple5 holdheldheld@!hurthurthurt! % !keepkeptkept;!knowknewknown!laylaidlaid  !W  @!leadledled learntW learntW learned$!leaveleqtleqt !lendlentlent @!letletlet$ !W !lielaylain @!lightlitlit !loselostlost!makemademade !meanmeantmeant$+!meetmetmet !mistakemistookmistakenP%! , -!  $overcomeovercameovercome !0   $ #$ !/E (( nitive_ast Xense_ast _articiple5 qeelqeltqelt$ ! ghtqoughtqought @!  ndqoundqound;! y� ew� own !qorjidqorjadW qorjadeqorjiddenV!qorecastqorecastW qorecastedqorecastW qorecasted !qoreseeqoresawqoreseen!qoretellqoretoldqoretold !qorgetqorgotqorgotten%!qorgiveqorgaveqorgiven !qree�eqro�eqro�en+$!W +@!getgotgot $!givegavegiven!gowentgoneW $;!growgrewgrown hanghunghung !W  !havehadhad+!hearheardheard $P!hidehidhidden! ( * hithithit$!W  !0    nitive_ast Xense_ast _articiple5 jurstjurstjurst! W ! juyjoughtjought$!catchcaughtcaught !W +!choosechosechosen%!comecamecomecostcostcost !creepcreptcrept cutcutcut!dealdealtdealt+!  digdugdug!dodiddone !drawdrewdrawnV!W  !dreamdreamtW dreameddreamtW dreamed!W +!drinkdrankdrunk!W !drivedrovedriven!W ;!eatateeaten !W $P!qallqellqallen!qeedqedqed+!0   $ #$ !/E (( nitive_ast Xense_ast _articiple5 arisearosearisen! W $!awakeawokeawoken%$!W  $! jewasW werejeen!jearjorejornW jorne!jeatjeatjeaten%!jecomejecamejecome !W  ! jeginjeganjegun!jendjentjent $! ( * jetjetjet@! jindjoundjound !jitejitjitten$ !jleedjledjled!jlowjlewjlown$!jreakjrokejroken( * +!jreedjredjredV!jringjroughtjrought jroadcastjroadcastjroadcast  !W % !juildjuiltjuilt !jurntW jurntW @!W !"+5$& ' +  , %, +,   =+  ! +   �c^onald�s, Barclays Bank, Selqridges' +  $; ,   ;  -  ++, ?+    + + {ennedy ]irport, zestminster ]jjey' $+ + to have jreakqast/lunch/dinner/tea' +  , to play qootjall/hockey/chess/jadmintonW do aerojics' + P !; +, }istory, �rench, �aths' +   , + A, �onday, �uly, spring' + baster, _hristmas, New �ear' + school, hospital, church, prison, university +  $ ; I never go to church. }e is in hospital, he is seriously ill. _hildren start going to school at the age oq 7. $ ; @;to watch f�, to je at home/at work, to go home/to work, to go to jed/to je in jed.   $ #$2:1!/) *!"+ 5$& '   !+   fhe poor, the homeless, ' + A !- fhe _hinese, the British, the Scotch $ ; @;to listen to the radio, to go to the cinema/to the theatre, to go to the country/je in the country, etc."+5$&  !+  +@- +  ,   $+E      %V+ I don�t like coqqee, I preqer tea.I�ve really got lots oq jooks.figers are jeautiqul animals.' ++ ?+ +  +  �eter, fom Smith, zilliam ShakespeareD $  % $-By car, jy train, jy plane, jy jus, on qoot' + ,  New �ork, fverskaya Street, �ed S�uare, }yde �ark, �ictoria Station' + ; -P,  !;  ,  (  + Ben Nevis, _orqu, ake ' +  -�ussia, bngland, ]qrica,    %     + + $V  !;  + +@ +  ."+ 5$& '$V  ! $@ $+  !        , =+  !fhis is the jook I�ve told you ajout. lm|'$V  ! %-    =+  +fhe sun, the barth, the world, the capital, the sky, the moon, the South, the atmosphereD   !+  ; , -}e is the smartest joy in my foday is the � rst oq �une.' ?+ ,  +  $   +!fhe Smiths live not qar qrom here.' + , +,  , fhe fhames, the Black Sea, the British _hannel, the �aci� c `cean' + $  , ; ;%, fhe Bahamas, the �rals, the Sahara' +   +-@ +  ,   - ;  !  republic, state, kingdom, federationfhe Netherlands, the �erman repujlic, the �ederation' + , ,  , +$  , fhe `deon, the Bolshoi fheatre, the }ilton, the British �useum, the fate �allery, the fimes' +$ !+  $-++I play the guitar.$ #$!/) *!  5?% / 5$&  A donation, actionD %$ �h� who, whole       !+   +white, whisper,        write, wrap, wrong%    !    ++ $V - !+  +   (�    +W �    +*."+ 5$& '$V  !, $% + I�ve got a new mojile. !, !-ze jought a car yesterday. % there is/wasfhere is a jig garden near my house.   A !;  @;zhat a clever girl\ It�s such @;to make a mistakeW to take a seatW to have a good timeW to give sj a liqtW to catch a coldW to go qor a walkW to have a toothacheW a numjer oqW a lot oq, once a week, in a loud/angry voice, etc.     5?% / 5$&  A $  nger, hungry E% A ;-+ ;phrase, phantom, -+ pneumatic -+ psychology, psychicD   �kw� �uarrel,  E% Ashelter A possession, scle A �sl� musclesten A listen, qastenstle A �sl� whistle, castletch E% Acatch, watchthink, myth  +@$   +mother, 0   $ #$24;!/) *!  5?% / 5$&  A �t� doujt, dejtch J   E+ +- chair, peach ;    ;@chemistry, school ; ?A$   ;@machine A social, commercialcient A *nt� cient, ancient E% A�k� jlack, stick E% Ajridge, knowledge A �t� jought, taught A �q� enough, laugh A �m� paradigm A   �n� qoreign       know, knee A �m�  A �m� D chalkD   !+   -tall, always, igh"E% Ahigh, nightD   +, + wantD warmworD   + $-work 5?% D �s� pencil, city   !; $;�k� cat, cleanD page, engineer;%give, girl, get    !; $;garden, green   ,   $;+   + A�    $;;�s�sit, desk, jooks#@$   +,     ; ; -  ; A���please, pensD   + �ks� te~t, si~D $   $ #$!/) *! "&  &@ - &- Z FZ H  Z �i:� he�e� pet:� her�� here�doctor� curegym:� girl re, tyreta~i, jajy- % - % trainoo�u:� moondayoo � dqoodseaoo � kjookmeetoucoinowjrowntoyairchair�xu:� qewearautumneerdeerawqulour   J   +     $EV; $-  ;  (however, moreover, besides, for example, in my opinion)However, I don�t like jogging very much.+@$ +  +  @,  -=+ E+He took a shower, shaved, had some tea and left.$ ;  @;,   + = -If it rains tomorrow, we�ll stay at home.     + !E !+   %V PEV ?Dear Tom,All the best,; (     *My brother was born on May 38, 2992.+;  ;,      , + - .. "&  &@ - &- Z FZ H  Z jlack� car�� caredoctorrosesportmore$ #$!/) *!6er/6est  #-/D #"/ -"$$+D""& "  -+- " -5- -5@- @-shortshortest$E   $E � $ -  $E'  -$- ger(the* qattestdestgest %- -larglargestest(the* largest$ @-   $E $ iestiest$ @-cleverclevercleverest$ #$Present Simple B6s/6esC 5 5$&  $play� plays-esD  o,-s,-ss,-ch,-sh,-xgo� goes, wash� washes, dress� dresses-iesD     � %$ -iesstudy� studies 5 "  5$& $  move� moved, live� lived '     $     $-cry� cried, try� tried D     � %$ stop� stopped, regret� regretted 5 "  5$& $  ride� riding, write� writing '     $     $ run� running, qorget� qorgetting die� dying, lie� lying 2415 5$& !P  $V  !-jooks, games, joys) +$ !;  $+  pianos, cellos'V  photos, kilos, autos     � �oos, videos, radios-es  ! $V  !-potatoes, tomatoes, heroes-s,-ss,-x,-ch,-shjuses, dresses, jo~es, churches, -ies'$V  !    -a jajy� jajies, a city� cities, a country� countries -vesf/-fe(q/qe +   v + esa wolq� wolves, a liqe� lives, a leaq� leaves ;%: rooqs, cuqqs, chieqs, handkerchieqs, cliqqs, jelieqs, prooqs, saqestalking in the living room and even iq you can choose the programme, you can�t hear it properly.qic{y: ]ctually I really like talking ajout what I�m watch-ing, so I don�t mind people jeing around, as long as I can choose the programmes.]ic{: But, why won�t your �um let you have a f� in your room|qic{y: She says it would cost too much jut I don�t think that�s the real reason, jecause she said I could have a jike instead. Besides, my aunt said we could have her old one qor nothing and my �um still said no.]ic{: I see. zhen I got mine my parents were worried that I might watch it late at night and je too tired qor school in the morning. So, I promised them I�d always turn it oqq jeqore ten o�clock.qic{y: ]nd do you|]ic{: Not always. It depends on what is on.qic{y: I think my �um xust wants to control what I do and to je ajle to say �No television until you�ve done your homework�, and things like that.]ic{: �erhaps she thinks you need that.qic{y: She thinks I�m still a child. I�d like to decide things like that qor myselq.]ic{: �y parents never ask ajout my schoolwork. fhey say it�s something I have to do jy myselq.qic{y: �ou�re lucky.�ou have 30 seconds to complete the tas{. F_ause 30=seconds.HYow you�ll hear the te~t again. F]epeat.HXhis is the end of the tas{. �ou now have 30 seconds to=chec{ your answers.F_ause 30 seconds.HXhis is the end of the �istening Xest. $%, L  &"   # " - ;, .' 7#B $ C*. D/ . +!.Besides, animals grown qor meat production are kept in spe-cial qactory qarms. �igs and chickens are in jo~es where they cannot even turn around\ Isn�t it jetter xust to stop eating Spea{er Q�other says I am overweight and always tries to put me on a diet. ]s qor me I don�t care ajout it. I know that I am a la�y jone and I am not too thin. But there is nothing I can do ajout it. �laying qootjall or jasketjall|.. fhat�s not qor me. I preqer lying on my soqa and watching matches on f�. `q course with a couple oq sandwiches and a jag oq pop-corn. I hate salads and what my mother calls healthy qood.�ou have 30 seconds to complete the tas{. F_ause 30 sec-Yow you will listen to the te~ts again. F]epeat.HXhis is the end of the tas{. �ou now have 20 seconds to chec{ your answers.F_ause 20 seconds.H $ P  $;  . ; 3�8    P $ A?$,   $ +$  ! .  $ P  ! @.   ! 60 $, % +!  +. Yow we are ready to start.qic{y: �ick, have you got a f� set in your room|]ic{: �es, I got one qor my jirthday last monthW it�s great. zhy are you asking, �icky|qic{y: �ou�re lucky. �y �um won�t let me have one.]ic{: zhy not| It�s much jetter jecause you avoid all those joring arguments ajout what to watch.qic{y: �ight. �y sister always wants to watch lots oq car-toons and I think I�ve grown up to see them.]ic{: b~actly, I used to have the same projlem with my lit-tle jrother. ]nother thing is that people are always Spea{er NI�ve thought much ajout the ways oq staying � t and stud-ied a lot oq inqormation. I know that iq you eat more than you need, the e~tra calories turn into qatW iq you eat less than you need, the jody jurns qat to get energy and you lose weight. So, one way oq losing weight is jy dieting� eating less. ]n-other way is to go on eating as usual, jut then you must take more e~ercise. In this case you must rememjer that it�s im-portant to start an e~ercise programme gradually. ^on�t try to lose a lot oq weight qast. It doesn�t usually work and it can je dangerous.Spea{er ONowadays people all over the world eat and love qast qood and hamjurgers. But what ajout national qood| I�ve travelled a lot with my parents and I�ve always tried some oq the nation-al dishes in each country. fhough I can�t say that all oq them are still national. `q course, I think that pancakes with sour cream and caviar are a �ussian dish. But think oq pi��a� it appeared as an Italian dish qor poor people and now it is the most international dish oq all and is eaten all over the world.Spea{er Past year I visited �ienna and listened to a highly special orchestra. �ust think� all the instruments in it are made oq carrots, cucumjers and pumpkin. fhe lead musician plays a horn, which is made qrom a cucumjer, a green pepper and a carrot. fhe musicians can play everything� qrom classical music to xa��. ]nd their perqormance was really qantastic\ By the way, nothing is wasted aqter such concerts: aqter the perqormance a cook makes a jig pot oq soup or stew qor the musicians and audience to eat. In our case it was very tasty soup sold in small portions. fhe money paid qor it was spent on charity.Spea{er MI try to keep a vegetarian diet and I have qound a lot oq sup-porters. �ore and more people nowadays jecome vegetarians. ] diet qree qrom meat has all the vitamins, minerals and pro-tein you need. ]nd a vegetarian diet is not only healthier jut it is also kinder jecause it doesn�t mean killing more animals. ' 7#B $ C*. D23;/ . +!.Mialogue PI�d like to have these shoes repaired. fhe heels are worn down.I see� fhe new heels are to je put on._an you repair the shoes right now|Sorry, I�m very jusy now. �ou can pick up your shoes to-morrow.]t what time|]qter dinner. It�ll cost you 7 dollars.Mialogue Mzould you like this tajle jy the window|�es, thank you.}ere is the menu, �adam.But what would you recommend|zell, roast meat is good. Iq you preqer � sh, there�s nice qresh salmon.I think, I�ll take salmon, please.�ou have 20 seconds to complete the tas{. F_ause 20 seconds.HYow you will listen to the dialogues again. F]epeat.HXhis is the end of the tas{. �ou now have 20 seconds to chec{ your answers.F_ause 20 seconds.H   $ P !  , %; %$+ , , ', ^, G.     +@$  + $@+   : @+$  E %  $EV $@, % A?+. &  !$ @ $@    1�6  !  .   !  C-. JP % A$ % A?   $EV+ %$+.   ! 30 $, % +!  +. Yow we are ready to start.'  %$  !   $E. @   $  . D   -  $P $ %$ +      .   $  E $ !.      $   $ +.    $ P  ;  , %-; %$+ , B, _, ^.     +@$  + + +,    ;: @-+$  $ %  $EV +   , % A?+. &  !$ @ +  -     1�5  !  .   ! . JP % A$ % A?   $EV+ %$+.   ! 20 -$, % +!  +. Yow we are ready to start.Mialogue Nfhis isn�t what we were promised�]jsolutely not. In the jrochure it says all rooms overlook the sea. `urs overlook the road and the night cluj. So, it won�t je �uiet, will it|I�m sure it will je noisy. fhe disco will keep us awake at night.et�s ask qor another room, then.`k, let�s try to change it.Mialogue O�our passport, please.}ere it is, sir.}ow long are you staying in �aris|9 days.�our passport and visa are in order. }ave a pleasant � ight, sir.fhank you.' 7#B $ C*. D$ 4cause ��������� and make players very competitive.In ����������, when you are part oq a team, you have to depend on other players.        !$  !  . D     + %  ,  P  %$$ A!   !   +,  -+   !+  +  . )     %$$ $!   +. % + @  %;+ ! % E $ %=+  !+. D !+   %=+, @  !    !-+, PEV %$+ %=+,  AE .�ou have received a letter qrom your bnglish-speaking pen qriend, �ane.�fhe school year is coming to the end and I think more and more ajout summer holidays. fhis summer my uncle is going to take me to his qarm and give me horse-riding lessons iq I help him in the stajle. So, I�m looking qorward to it.zhere are you going to spend your summer holidays| ^o you preqer active or passive holidays| zhat are your qavourite activities then|zrite her a letter and answer her �uestions.zrite words. �ememjer the rules oq letter writing.�ou have to do this task.�}ave a good time�, though actually you seldom wish it jecause you never ��������� that person.Iq your aunt gives you a present, whether you like it or not, you must say, �}ow lovely\� xust not to hurt ]nd the list oq such ��������� can je continued.zhite lies don�t do any harm and even make relations ��������.PNSQQNS�D = @  . D%$ ,   + %$+ A , %; ++ , , %  ++-         @E  . J  $   $+ +. @ -$   $  !+$ E Xa{ing up a team sport�eople worldwide enxoy sports whether they are playing in a team or doing an individual sport. Some ��������� team sports jecause they like playing in a team, while those who take up individual sports consider team sports to have many fo jegin with, one advantage oq taking up-a team sport is the sense oq team spirit. �layers learn to co-operate while working towards the same goal. �oreover, playing in a team can also help one make new qriends. ]nother reason qor taking up a team sport is that when you win, you share the ��������� and when you lose, you have someone to share the ��������� with.`n the other hand, there is always a chance that not all players will get along with each other. fhis mayNMqNYXNVQNPj^QqQ' 7#B $ C*. D$ 3 fhe Spanish colonists were disappointed jy their liqe in the New zorld. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: fhere are still doujts ajout the place oq _olumjus�s 1*frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: D = @  . D%$ ,   + %$+ A , %; ++ , , %  ++-     @E  . J  -$   $+ +. @ $  - $  !+$ E Nre you a liar[]re you a liar| �No,� you will say angrily. ]nd so will most people. Nojody ��������� liars.But iq somejody ��������� you the �uestion, �^o you always tell the truth�, your answer will not je so certain.] survey showed that on the average a person tells 200 lies a day\ �������� oq these are white lies, oq course. fhey are qorgivajle jecause they oqten ��������� qor the sake oq qact.fhere are situations in which it�s necessary to lie to je polite. Iq you ������������ to hurt someone, you will invent a reason qor not accepting an invitation to a party. Saying goodjye, you usually add,NSRY�X `NYXhad e~pected to � nd gold and riches. Instead, they qound hard work, unhealthy climate and constant danger._olumjus died in 1506 and was juried in Seville. bven aqter his death he continued to travel. In 1542, his jones were shipped to Santo ^omingo to rest with honour in the cathedral. fhen his remains were moved to }avana and in 1899 again to Seville. But were they| Some say that the wrong jones were moved qrom Santo ^omingo and that the ]dmiral still rests on his jeloved island oq }ispaniola._olumjus�s qather wanted his son to qollow his jusiness. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: }e nearly died on his very � rst sea voyage. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: ]ll the sailors supported _olumjus on his � rst great voyage to unknown lands. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: ] lot oq sailors died on _olumjus�s return voyage. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: _olumjus took several natives to show them to the Spanish �ueen. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: _olumjus was greatly enriched aqter his � rst great voyage. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: ' 7#B $ C*. D231$ 2oq �ortugal, his ship was attacked jy pirates. fhe ship sank, jut _olumjus held onto a � oating oar until he reached the �ortuguese shore.�or his � rst great voyage, _olumjus had three ships: the fhe entire crew oq all three ships numjered ajout 90. fhe ships sailed qrom the _anary Islands on Septemjer 6, 1492. zeeks went jy, and the sailors jecame qrightened. fhey jegged _olumjus to turn jackW there were even whispers oq mutiny. _olumjus wrote in his xournal, �I comqorted them with great promises oq land and riches.� `n `ctojer 10, _olumjus and his crew agreed to sail on qor 3 more days and then turn around iq no land was fwo days later, at night, the sailors saw light in the darkness and then white sand shining in the moonlight. _olumjus�s ships were approaching an island in the Bahamas, an island that _olumjus named San Salvador.zhen dawn came, _olumjus and some oq his men came ashore in small joats. fhey placed a Spanish � ag in the ground and declared the island a Spanish territory. fhey were greeted jy timid jut qriendly people who wore no clothes. Because _olumjus thought he had landed on an island in the Indies near �apan or _hina, he called these natives fhe three ships spent a qew days at San Salvador and then sailed on to _uja and }ispaniola (where }aiti and the ^ominican �epujlic are now located*. fhere the was wrecked. _olumjus juilt a qort on the island and leqt 39 men there, then the set sail qor Spain. fhey took with them some oq their � ndings� trinkets, plants, jirds� and several New zorld natives. fhe voyage home was e~tremely rough, and some oq the Indians died. `n �arch 15, _olumjus�s ships arrived saqely in Spain.]qter his � rst voyage, _olumjus was showered with honours. }e was now to je titled �^on� and he had the right to sit in the presence oq the king and �ueen. �or his second e~pedition, he was given 17 ships and ajout 1,500 men._olumjus made one more voyage qrom Spain to zest Indies and that time he � nally reached the mainland oq South ]merica. But his colony was in troujle. fhe Spanish colonists cipals as ]qrican saqaris, with lodges or semi-permanent camps jased near wildliqe reservations. In places like ]las-ka, one can also take one-day tours to view gri��ly and po-lar jears in their native environment. fhese tend to je oq-qered together with cruises to ]laska. ]n eco adventure is a trip that comjines adventurous ac-tivities and means oq travel with environmentally respon-sijle methods. fhe destinations and activities vary widely and can include canoeing on the ]ma�on �iver, hiking in a tropical rainqorest or a saqari in ]qrica. ^estinations are typically remote and travellers need to have a good guide with them. Ideally, an eco adventure either leaves no trace oq human activity jehind or contrijutes towards environ-mental conservation.JP % A$ % A?   $-EV+ %$+.NOPMQWV* D  .  ,   =; $@  $E @E   F1=�    $E F2=� WalseH =+    ,   !       ! !  - @ !,  A !  F3=� Yot statedH.   P $ A?$,   $ +$  ! .Wour Vreat qoyages_olumjus lived in the perqect place at the perqect time qor the role he was destined to play in history. }e was jorn in 1451 in �enoa. ]s a joy, _olumjus helped his qather in his wool-weaving jusiness. }is qather soon pushed him into a jusiness career. ]t the age oq 14, _hristopher jegan sailing on trading ships in the �editerranean. zhen he was 25 years rst voyage in the ]tlantic `cean, oqq the coast ' 7#B $ C*. D$ 2 ] saqari is a trip on land, usually in xungle or savanna en-vironments, which is engaged in qor the purpose oq view-ing or hunting animals. �ost oqten, the modern saqari in-volves viewing, photographing, and e~periencing animals in their natural hajitats. zith greater laws qor the pres-ervation oq many animal species, qewer people undertake a saqari to hunt animals. Saqari is a Swahili word, which originally derives qrom the ]rajic word qor travel, safara. �ost associate the idea oq going on saqari with ]qrica, jut actually there are many saqari destinations throughout the world. �or e~ample, one can take saqari trips in India, ]ustralia, ]ntarctica, ]laska, Bra�il or �eru. bssentially any place where one can ojserve animals in their true hajitats can je a saqari desti-nation. Some saqari trips are done mostly jy motor transport. It may simply je too dangerous to je walking around lions, tigers, and jears, or other possijly deadly animals. It can also je dangerous to the animals to closely interact with humans. zatching animals qrom the security oq a vehicle allows one to come more closely to the animals with less danger to joth animals and humans. `ther saqari trips are walking trips, and armed guides usu-ally lead them. fhey may take place on wildliqe preserves. �eople might camp out qor a night on the ]qrican Savan-nah, qor e~ample, in tent cajins or semi-permanent camps. fhese are usually the cheapest way to take a saqari, jut they do have their privations. �or e~ample, access to toi-lets and ajility to have a shower may je �uite limited. ] saqari, meaning the actual tour to see or hunt animals, can last anywhere qrom two days to two weeks. `ne might also spend part oq this time traveling jy air or jus to sev-eral locations in order to see the jest sights. ] single sa-qari could involve camping or staying in a lot oq locations, which makes packing light a good idea, particularly on the more judget oriented saqaris. fhough ]qrica has the largest numjer oq saqari oqqerings, those in ]ustralia, ]sia and South ]merica oqten can je e�ually e~citing. �any are constructed on the same prin-' 7#B $ C*. D zhat did �ick promise his parents|1* Not to watch f� aqter ten o�clock.2* fo turn f� oqq late at night.3* Not to je too tired qor school.: zhat does �icky think the real reason is qor her mother ojxecting against a f� set|1* }er mum wants to control her activities.2* }er mum wants her to do her homework.3* }er mum doesn�t want her to watch f�.: zhy does �icky think �ick is lucky|1* fhey don�t say he is a child.2* fhey jought a f� set qor him.3* fhey don�t interqere much with what he is doing.: D   $    +@$  + ;  +: @+$  $, %-+$ %$+ ��, %  $EV  -, % A?+ 1�8. &  !$ @$E A?$   .   !  C#  -1. fhe ways oq travelling2. fhinking ajout nature3. {illing or watching|4. fhe least e~pensive tours5. fhe history oq eco tourism6. zhat does it mean|7. �orget ajout heavy luggage8. ] lot oq suggestions22;$ 1 fhe speaker doesn�t care ajout � tness. fhe speaker talks ajout healthy qood. fhe speaker talks ajout tendencies oq national cuisines. fhe speaker warns to je carequl.JP % A$ % A?   $-EV+ %$+.%A# ]B_^G $ P  $;  .  ; 3�8     P $ A?$,   $ +$  ! .  $ P  ! @. �ick is glad to have a f� set in his room jecause1* his little jrother wants to watch cartoons all the 2* he doesn�t like watching f� in the living room.3* there are no more arguments ajout watching f�.: ^oes �icky mind watching f� in the living room|1* �es, jecause everyjody is talking there.2* No, jecause she likes talking while watching the programmes.3* No, unless she can choose to watch what she wants.: zhy doesn�t �icky have a f� set oq her own|1* fhey can�t aqqord it.2* She has got a jike instead.3* }er mother ojxects to it.:    $ P  ;  , %-; %$+ , B, _, ^.     +@$  + + +,    ;: @-+$  $ %  $EV +   , % A?+. &  !$ @ +  -     1�5   .   !  ]t a repair shop ]t a restaurant ]t a hotel ]t the airportJP % A$ % A?   $-EV+ %$+.]B_^    $ P !  , %-; %$+ , , ', ^, G.     +@$  + $@+  $EV - : @+$  E %  $EV $@, % A?+. &  !$ @ $@    1�6   .   !  C . fhe speaker wants to je humanistic. fhe speaker talks ajout the multiqunctional use oqqoodstuqqs./ . +!. �ou are going to ta{e part in a telephone survey. �ou have to answer si~ �uestions. Vive full answers to the �uestions. ]emember that you have D0 seconds to answer each �uestion.Qlectronic assistant: }ello\ fhis is the electronic assis-tant oq the _luj �If zorld�. ze kindly ask you to take part in our survey. ze need to � nd out what teenagers think ajout the Internet. �lease answer our si~ �uestions. fhe survey is anonymous� you don�t have to give your name. So, let�s get started.Qlectronic assistant: ^o you � nd your school Inqormation fechnology classes interesting| zhy|Student:Qlectronic assistant: }ow much time per day do you spend Student:Qlectronic assistant: In what way can the Internet je harmqul to your health| zhat�s your opinion|Student:Qlectronic assistant: zhat do you use the Internet qor|Student:Qlectronic assistant: zhat do you think ajout dating via the Internet|Student:Qlectronic assistant: zould you recommend your great grandparents learn to use the Internet| b~plain why.Student:Qlectronic assistant: fhis is the end oq the survey. fhank you very much qor your time.#   5 $ 7 A 2 �ou are going to ta{e part in a telephone survey. �ou have to answer si~ �uestions. Vive full answers to the �uestions. ]emember that you have D0 seconds to answer each �uestion.Qlectronic assistant: }ello\ fhis is the electronic assis-tant oq the Internet _luj. ze kindly ask you to take part in our survey. ze need to � nd out what teenagers think ajout the Internet. �lease answer our si~ �uestions. fhe survey is anonymous� you don�t have to give your name. So, let�s get started.Qlectronic assistant: }ow much time do you spend on the Internet daily|Student:Qlectronic assistant: _an you do without the Internet| b~-plain why.Student:Qlectronic assistant: zhat�s jetter qor you: to make qriends via the Internet or in real liqe| zhy|Student:Qlectronic assistant: zhy do many people preqer Internet to f� in your opinion|Student:Qlectronic assistant: zhat aspects oq bnglish can je im-proved via the Internet|Student:Qlectronic assistant: In what way would you recommend your qriend to use the Internet|Student:Qlectronic assistant: fhis is the end oq the survey. fhank you very much qor your time./ . +!. �ou are going to ta{e part in a telephone survey. �ou have to answer si~ �uestions. Vive full answers to the �uestions. ]emember that you have D0 seconds to answer each �uestion.Qlectronic assistant: }ello\ fhis is the electronic assistant oq the �oung �ournalists� _luj. ze kindly ask you to take part in our survey. ze need to � nd out what teenagers think ajout mass media. �lease answer our si~ �uestions. fhe sur-vey is anonymous� you don�t have to give your name. So, let�s get started.Qlectronic assistant: zhat kinds oq mass media can you Student:Qlectronic assistant: zho usually listens to the radio in your qamily| b~plain why.Student:Qlectronic assistant: }ow oqten do you watch f�| zhy|Student:Qlectronic assistant: zhat maga�ines are popular with your classmates|Student:Qlectronic assistant: zhat kinds oq mass media can�t you do without|Student:Qlectronic assistant: zhat in your opinion makes the In-ternet the most wide-spread kind oq mass media|Student:Qlectronic assistant: fhis is the end oq the survey. fhank you very much qor your time. �ou are going to ta{e part in a telephone survey. �ou have to answer si~ �uestions. Vive full answers to the �uestions. ]emember that you have D0 seconds to answer each �uestion.Qlectronic assistant: }ello\ fhis is the electronic assis-tant oq the _luj �]thlete�. ze kindly ask you to take part in our survey. ze need to � nd out what teenagers think ajout sports. �lease answer our si~ �uestions. fhe survey is anony-mous� you don�t have to give your name. So, let�s get start-Qlectronic assistant: zhat sports do you like watching on Student:Qlectronic assistant: ^o you practise any sport| b~plain why.Student:Qlectronic assistant: zhat activities do you have at your Student:Qlectronic assistant: zhat do you do to je � t|Student:Qlectronic assistant: zhy is it important qor you to keep|Student:Qlectronic assistant: zhat would you recommend your qriend to keep � t|Student:Qlectronic assistant: fhis is the end oq the survey. fhank you very much qor your time. �ou are going to give a tal{ about your shopping habits. �ou will have to start in 1.G minutes and spea{ for not more ]emember to say:what your qavourite shopping places areWwhat things you juy most oqten/like to juy most oq allWwho you preqer shopping with, why.�ou have to tal{ continuously.$ �$##� �ou are going to give a tal{ about music in your life. �ou will have to start in 1.G minutes and spea{ for not more than ]emember to say:how oqten you listen to musicWwhat kind oq music you preqerWhow oqten you go to concerts.�ou have to tal{ continuously. �ou are going to give a tal{ about your hobbies. �ou will have to start in 1.G minutes and spea{ for not more than ]emember to say:what you do in your qree timeWwhy you like your hojjyWwhat interesting/usequl things you can learn qrom your hojjy.�ou have to tal{ continuously.218$ �$##�(   �ou are going to give a tal{ aboutyour summer holidays. �ou will have to start in 1.G minutes and spea{ for not more ]emember to say:where you usually spend your summer holidaysWwho you spend your holidays withWwhat activities you usually have.�ou have to tal{ continuously.' ! ! =$   @ $  .&  !$   P    -  , % %!   -  . )+:To begin with � Speaking about � I can�t say that � To tell the truth � As for me � I�m absolutely sure that � No doubt that �, for example� To sum up, I want to say that �JP +   E ! ?, -'   =+ +, % $ @!  =  +.216$ �$##� �ou are going to ta{e part in a telephone survey. �ou have to answer si~ �uestions. Vive full answers to the �uestions. ]emember that you have D0 seconds to answer each �uestion.(  $  +   D @- +  $V+      ! +-      $E +$.   % !  E    ,  %;-+  !   =$. D $,   @ ,   $    + ?+ $    . G +  +    ,  -+ ?+  +@ @!  ??,  $EV + + .# + ! %    � 7.+ !    -  +$. D$+,   +@ !   ) % !P  $ . )+: of people are fond of ..., and now I am going to give a D  !   !E  !    , !   =,  ;!  +  !  @+$  $ ."& #  K    - =  ; ? =$   %.  +     +  - + $ . % +    $ +     . D +$  $ +@  @!, =+ %$$   .   $-    !+ +  A  . �ou are going to ta{e part in a telephone survey. �ou have to answer si~ �uestions. Vive full answers to the �uestions. ]emember that you have D0 seconds to answer each �uestion.Qlectronic assistant: }ello\ fhis is the electronic assistant oq the _luj �}elp me�. ze kindly ask you to take part in our survey. ze need to � nd out what teenagers think about their 214$ �$##�not always healthy. ^octors say that chips and pi��as are qat-tening, cola spoils our teeth and coqqee shortens our lives. Iq we eat too much, it will lead to heart disease and other seri-ous illnesses. But the world today is getting qatter and qatter. ack oq e~ercise is another serious projlem. ze spend hours in qront oq our computers and f�-sets. �ew oq us do morning e~ercises. ze walk less, jecause we preqer to use cars or pujlic transport. It�s common knowledge that smoking and drink-ing can shorten our lives dramatically. �et many young people smoke and drink. ze all know that the healthier we are, the jetter we qeel. fhe jetter we qeel, the longer we live. So why not take care oq ourselves| +  $V+     ! $-  $ +  -  : !  P ! $ - P; $     ?  .  % !E    ,  +$+   %  ! %V   @ %  !  $V  !  , $ @P ! -     .J @  ! $  =  1% . + %+, + + ! %    -+ !  $P    ? - �  +@ !   !   +@$E +$  .D $P  ,   ! !    - =$ .  +@ %!    @.  +@ %! + (/)*.'   =+ +, % $ @!  =  +.213xump, run, sit, lie and even wag its tail. ike any alive dog it can grow and je taught. ]t � rst the dog doesn�t react well enough to your commands. But as it grows it jegins to dis-tinguish up to qorty diqqerent commands. It also ac�uires its own individual hajits. fhe character oq �the dog� is qormed jy the owner. fhe electronic mind �rememjers� the owner�s approval and disapproval. ike an alive dog it has its qavourite and unloved places in the � at. Bear in mind that iq the owner doesn�t pay attention to his �pet�, it qalls into depression. �ou are going to read the te~t aloud. �ou have 1.G minutes to read the te~t silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. ]emember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.�eople have always known that there is a link jetween pol-lution and poor health. �any scientists jelieve our health is in troujle, jecause we have had polluted land, air and water qor too long. But qew oq us will jelieve that the greatest pol-lution is not outside jut inside our homes, oq� ces and cars. fhe main sources oq indoor pollution are right under people�s noses� dry-cleaned clothes, dusty carpets, qumes qrom cook-ing and heating and cigarette smoke. `q course this list is in-complete. Indoor air and house dust are qull oq poisons that can je carried in on people�s shoes. _arpets are most troujle-some. fhey contain dangerous jacteria, even iq people vacu-um them regularly. ziping one�s qeet on a door-mat reduces the amount oq pollutants in a carpet jy a qactor oq si~. But iq you remove your shoes jeqore entering it is even more eqqec-tive. fhese acts are very simple, jut usequl. �ou are going to read the te~t aloud. �ou have 1.G minutes to read the te~t silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. ]emember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.Scientists say that in the quture people will live longer. zith healthier liqestyles and jetter medical care the average person will live to 100. But that�s tomorrow. ]nd today, we continue to stuqq ourselves with qast qood. zhat is tasty is $ �$##�G      ? $E P%$  -  ,    ( + A-    *. �ou are going to read the te~t aloud. �ou have 1.G minutes to read the te~t silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. ]emember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.fhe game we know as jasketjall appeared in 1891 in the �S] and now is played all around the world. Its inventor, �ames Naismith, taught physical training in a college. }is students liked to play jall. Naismith put two jaskets at op-posite ends oq the court, and the players were to throw the jalls into them. ]t � rst a ladder was used to take the jall out oq the jasket. ater jaskets were made jottomless so that the jall would drop right through them. ]t � rst jasketjall was only played jy ]merican college students. fhe new game je-came very popular. �irst competitions were held in 1895 in the �S]. In 1936, jasketjall was included in the programme oq the `lympic �ames. In �ussia jasketjall is played every-where: at schools, universities and sports clujs. fhere are many rules that govern the game, and people say that it is eas-ier to learn to play jasketjall than to understand it. �ou are going to read the te~t aloud. �ou have 1.G minutes to read the te~t silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. ]emember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.] curious toy was created jy a group oq ]merican scien-tists. It�s a dog rojot with arti� cial intelligence. �nlike dogs, there is no need to qeed it or walk with it. ] video camera inside the rojot allows it to distinguish colours and determine dis-tances, two stereo tape-recorders help it to rememjer words, the sensitive sensors on its jody provide the ajility to respond to the touches and change oq temperatures. fhe dog rojot can 211 +  $V+$     !  $; % !P   $-$   .    =  1,5 +. D   $V  -    $;,       +!E. J $V � ! @  , %!  @  +  $, ?  -A  ! !  , $ @P ! $- +  . # + ! +@ %   � 2.+ !     %,  - ! !   @.% +    .  +,   E .% +  + , - ! ! ;  %.  +     .F%  @  +  $. D$-+,  $@  ! $$,  =  !  !-, %  $P! + .D+,  $  @;   +   ( $V  !,   , -  !, *. ' $@%  ( - - ,  ,    E*,  - ,  E  %$+.D  + ? A, -   + :�   !  @    -;V AW�   ;    @  ; P+ A, A  @  @ W� %V   E   ;V AW�  !   E  P+     + A.   !     +$ $  E  %  .� 1- $ @ � $ +-   $; % !P   $-$  ;-. � 2- $ @ �    ! $  $ +  -  : !  P ! $ P; $     ?-  .� 1- $ @ � %;+ - !  +      - =$E +$    . @  $EV  =    -   $V.  = +  =  $-  !.  ,      �� $-     E $  +,   -%;+  + $,  !  $   W -    +E   E   +, E P+  W+  +    E -$ +  , % !     , - W $+E    ! +   - ,  $% E  $ !$E -PEV$E ?. �ou have received a letter qrom your bnglish-speaking pen qriend, ]nn.�]qter two years oq arguments with my parents my dream has come true. ast weekend they jought me a puppy. �um was against keeping a pet in our � at jut I promised to take care oq it.zhat are the most popular pets in your country| zhy do you think people keep pets even in jig cities| }ave you got a pet| Iq not, would you like to have it and which one|zrite her a letter and answer her �uestions.zrite words. �ememjer the rules oq letter writing.�ou have to do this task. �ou have received a letter qrom your bnglish-speaking pen qriend, fom.�It seems every time I go to visit my �ranny in the country it starts raining. Now it has jeen raining qor three days and it makes me cra�y. �ou know I�m a sporty type and like to spend time outdoors.^o you oqten go to the country| zhat do you do there in jad weather| ]re there places to go there when you are jored|zrite him a letter and answer his �uestions.zrite words. �ememjer the rules oq letter writing.�ou have to do this task.$ �@� �ou have received a letter qrom your bnglish-speaking pen qriend, Bill.��esterday I had a great �uarrel with my mum, jecause I returned qrom my qriend�s jirthday party ajout 11 p.m. �y parents think that jy 10 o�clock I should je in jed. I�m aqraid, they don�t understand that I�m not a child any more.^o your parents let you go out late in the evening| zhen do you usually have to go to jed| ]re you allowed to watch f� aqter ten o�clock|zrite him a letter and answer his �uestions.zrite words. �ememjer the rules oq letter writing.�ou have to do this task. �ou have received a letter qrom your bnglish-speaking pen qriend, Sam.�foday is �riday. It�s my qavourite day when I start looking qorward to a qree weekend. I can get up later than usual and do whatever I want. fhis weekend I�ll go roller-skating with my qriends.]nd what is your qavourite day oq the week| zhat do you do at weekends| zith whom do you preqer to spend zrite him a letter and answer his �uestions.zrite words. �ememjer the rules oq letter writing.�ou have to do this task.20;I think my mum�s homelike qood is the jest diet. ]nd to t I xog at weekends and try not to overeat. (�ayje, you�re not �uite right ajout your diet. I think it can je harmqul while you�re growing. ]nd I doujt that a lot oq your qriends share your ideas. (#  Sorry qor my short letter, I have to help mother cooking (jythe way, try doing it yourselq*.zrite jack.Best wishes, �ou have received a letter qrom your bnglish-speaking pen qriend, Boj.�I�ve xust learnt that our class is going to visit �oscow and St. �etersjurg in ]pril. �y mum is in panic, as she thinks that your country is deadly cold all year round. ]nd she is aqraid that I�ll je starving without our �c^onald�s on every corner.zhat is the weather like in your country in spring| zhat clothes should I take| ]re there qast qood places to have a snack|zrite him a letter and answer his �uestions.zrite words. �ememjer the rules oq letter writing.�ou have to do this task.$ �@� A   +$ P %  !+. D     ,  $ -+E  , , %V,   A  !+ +  PEV ?  !E. + %+, $ %$    +,  !   +@     $E  !  !+.' $$ + ?   % =$&#     &"%.�ou have received a letter qrom your bnglish-speaking pen �fhe thought oq eating a dead animal actually makes me sick. So, I eat a lot oq vegetajles, qruit and nuts. Sometimes a qew eggs or a little cheese is possijle. I�m sure that jeing a veggie is good qor health...zhat do you think ajout jeing a veggie| zhat�s your diet| }ow do you keep � t|zrite him a letter and answer his �uestions.zrite words. �ememjer the rules oq letter writing.�ou have to do this task.  !+- +$     ,   -%;+ ! =$ .    (* +@  ! $EV+ %+:�oscow^ear Ben,fhank you qor your letter. I was glad to read it, jut some things simply surprised me.I can�t really imagine a person, who doesn�t eat a good piece oq meat daily. }ow is it possijle to je strong and healthy on a green diet is xust a mystery qor me\ (D    !  %=+    % E    ,    ,  E-  + !   ,  ,  ,  -A.  +  !+  , ,  ! @  @  =$.� @= (* ?+ (+, it�sdoesn�t* E    W�   !, @ A?+ (+, 5, 29, 2010, 123 204*, E    W�   !, @ + (+, *, E    W� @  (+, * E    W� V (+, e-mail TV* E    .& ;  P @,  !+  ;- +@  ! ;+: P$V ( (%V,  !   $  !+,    $-V @  P  !+. +  !P; ;JPEV ?,D ! (+*  +& # =+; +@-$ +}L$ "$ K % $ $ "# 4  $-C,   $.$ �@�D  !$   $ +, %  -    $$, +@ ;  !,   +  ;  + % !P    P%.  +@ !  ,  !   %  E- $  !    . G     @ ; ! $$   ,   ; - ! %A.D !+ P  ?A !+  , +$  -    +@   !!  - -,  by the way as for me to tell the truth in fact for example   ,  $  %   "%.$ ;P,    + %A  !+  %- , +$   !+    ;A#   (   *: Sorry, I have to go now, my mother asked to help her. Write Sorry, I�ve got to � nish now and do my homework. Hope to hear from you soon.D !+    C ;A# 4 # ?A- !  ,    % !   -. +@   !  ; ?:Best wishes,All the best,) $EV   PEV ? -"" ( ! +, % *, +:% +  $ %=+  !+: 100�120 .  ! @,    !+  - %=+ (+!P 90 *  A ,  P %=+ P 132  E   ! + 120 .D +  +@  ! $ $,  -Moscow, RussiaG   P   %+,    $ �@�5 ; �- $$  4$-  � ! $% E  W$ E   -   @W !   !$E   W$ E ++  P% % $ (?+   , +@    $V  !-;,     !; ..*.5 ; �4 4% =" ?%�$ E + P%    !   !$E  W%E  ;      %$, ;   + .D  !++ =" $ @$  $    ,  P  !+ (.. P  *. D   P   $EV ;+:47 A ; +  +  +@  ! :4201F �D !+�  +@  E! ,  E-EV       !+- +$  $      V . D !+- +$ -@   ,   %;+ !   =$ . D !+-  @  -!  +   ;  +, +  - $+ . J       - X 2.  ,      �D !+� $-V  $ E $EV P%.5 ; �'C $$ #   � E   =$    - ,   !+- +$ W ! P$ %VW %    $  !+ /    -E   $V W @E @$   $EV W%E  ! PEV$E ?$   $-PE  ! =   (+,   !$E ?+ !-   !*W % EE %$+ %=+  !+.5 ; �  ?%  �%E    ! P$  W%E  ! $W !    !+  %AW$PE $  @  W   !$E    !   !$E E /   .$ �!**  � D = @  . D%$ ,   + %$+ A , %; ++ , , %  ++-         @E  . J  $   $+ +. @ -$   $  !+$ E Xravelling with parentsI like travelling jecause it can ����������my outlook and helps me to understand other cultures. I think that I�m already an e~perienced �����������irst oq all everything should jeplanned. I�m not an adult yet so I travel with my parents. fhis year we decided to go to Britain.In Britain we stayed in a small hotel near ondon. It oqqered us a wide range oq �������� games, such as tennis and qootjall, and a lot oq ��������: joating, canoeing and so on.�������� was oqqered qor those who wanted to get to remote places choosing scenic routes.f�]�b_]�b��]_fI�b_�_b199 D = @  . D%$ ,   + %$+ A , %; ++ , , %  ++-         @E  . J  $   $+ +. @ -$   $  !+$ E Spiderman=� a superhero for the 21st centuryIn 2002, a new movie was released. fhe plot is very simple. fhe hero, �eter �arker, is a student and also works as a �����������. }e lives in New �ork with his aunt and uncle. }e is a shy young man, in love with a girl ne~t door, jut he is very awkward, and the girl doesn�t notice him much. In short there is nothing �������� ajout him.But one day he is jitten jy the mutant spider and gets its �ualities. Now he has superhuman ��������� and re� e~es, he walk up walls and stick ����������� to any surqace, he can shoot wejjing qrom his wrists. �eter decides to use his e~traordinary powers to � ght �������� living in his city.In his ����������� red suit, Spiderman patrols the streets to save the good people oq New �ork qrom all kinds oq danger. Sf�`N���]_fI_]198$ �!**  � D = @  . D%$ ,   + %$+ A , %; ++ , , %  ++-         @E  . J  $   $+ +. @ -$   $  !+$ E I think my mission is to create a good home. }ome isn�t xust walls or people or memories connected with }ome is something ����������� diqqerent.It�s the atmosphere oq love, and ������������ that gives me lots oq liqe energy. }ome is my mother whom I love very much. Sometimes she worries ajout me when I come home late or do ��������� things. Sorry, mum\ }ome is my jrother whom I love too, though sometimes he annoys me very much. }ome is the place where I can hide away qrom all my ��������, where I can rela~ aqter a hard school day and je myselq. Iq Ieave my home, a piece oq it will je always in my heart.�N^b�Sf]N^^I��I_�f19;_limate e~perts predict that jy 2050 the ���������� average temperature will rise jy 2�3 degrees. It doesn�t seem much. �ememjer, however, that the ���������� jetween the average glojal temperatures now and the last ice age (20,000 years ago* is only 6 to 8 degrees. D = @  . D%$ ,   + %$+ A , %; ++ , , %  ++-         @E  . J  $   $+ +. @ -$   $  !+$ E Nre teenagers a problem[]ccording to �the older generation� teenagers are la�y, they wear �������� clothes and are rude to their elders. zhat�s more, they spend all their time listening to awqul music and watching lms. ]nd all they ever think ajout is parties, drugs and se~.����������, it seems to me to je �uite the opposite. feenagers spend a lot oq time thinking ajout their work (studies*, their qamilies and qriends and their hojjies. Sure, they think ajout clothes, money, their jodies and �������� in a certain situation,But isn�t it the same qor most people| So what ajout the myth that all teenagers are rude, sel� sh, la�y and �������| ]s qar as I�m concerned, it�s nonsense. fhe vast maxority oq young people I meet are polite,���������, open, interested and hard-working.S�If]Bb]_f�]Bb}]�b196$ �!**  �D      X 1. D!  ! !    $ %;+  +-  !   A ! =+    .   %$  ;   ! , % %   .+ 4 4 ="  "  +  &  F&  -&, $  # =..H.  "   " - % + "L =" $  =" +  .      $+A +$ +! . J !  ?+   $+A   2019 . D = @  . D%$ ,   + %$+ A , %; ++ , , %  ++-         @E  . J  $   $+ +. @ -$   $  !+$ E `hat is Vlobal warming[��reenhouse eqqect� is actually a ��������� qeature oq our atmosphere without which liqe on our planet would je ���������. _ertain atmospheric gases work as a kind oq jlanket, keeping the barth warm. fhe amount oq these �greenhouse� gases used to je more or less the same qor centuries. But the ������������ revolution jroke this jalance. Because oq heavy industry and other human �������� the amounts oq _`and other gases have increased jy 30[.N]f��bIN^�Sf��]_fI�b19:}ow did the kiwi jecome not xust the national jird jut the national symjol| ^uring the �irst zorld zar fhe New �ealand soldiers started using the kiwi signs and soon the New �ealand armed qorces were reqerred to as {iwis.D@     !   A +, % !    @.GV=  + !   @ -$ +  , $E  !  %;+  !: $V  !,   !   -W   , $    . D+:  %, .. %     $$E. +  $EV % +.G  %$  %! $V  !, +,  +@ %!  ?+ +@   . D+$ + !  +    ?+$     @.  +$ + +!.D  !  !,  @ !+   -A !+   @ ! .  -    %   !+, +,  - +. + $ + %  A ! ?   $?? . (()K C   ,   + %$-+    (+,   !  +,  ++  $   @ %! +   !. + $  + % -+� . '  ,  @E %;-J  $ ,    V= , -% $%! ,  % ?+ ++-       $E  @E.194$ �!**  �them millions oq people are honest and 3* ���������, reserved and sincere. `ne can also come across la�y and 4* �������� people. ] reserved person is one who doesn�t show much oq his emotions and doesn�t talk very much to 5* ����������. }e never tells you anything ajout himselq. In �apan when people are making a xourney jy train, they try to � nd an empty or an 6* ���������� compartment. Iq they have to share a compartment, they may travel many miles without starting a conversation. In �apan it�s 7* ������� to ask anyone ajout his salary. fhey never discuss jusiness while eating. fhey don�t like 8* ����������� �uestions and, perhaps, have the strictest rules oq social and jusiness jehavior.}`NbSfIN^�Sf��Sf�]N�b12. 5 # . * " "" &$ %$ , +&   $$  = -   ;  .Yew �ealand�s symbolfhe �kiwi� is a 1* �������� jird native to New �ealand. fhe {iwi is New �ealand�s national symjol.fhe kiwi jird* is 2* ��������� in many ways. �irst, it is the only jird in the world that has its nostrils at the end oq its jeak. Second, the jirds are almost jlind and they qeed in the 3* ���������. fhird, the qemale kiwi has 4* �������� the largest egg oq any jird in the world in proportion to its jody si�e. {iwis are ajout the same si�e as chickens, jut their eggs are almost as jig as those oq ostriches� It�s a great 5* ��������� to see {iwis in the wild jut there are many places to watch them in captivity around New �ealand. 6* �������� also like to call themselves �{iwis�.�S�]^I��I_�f19310. 5 # . * " "" &$ %$ , +&   $$  = -   ;  .Xa{en away and brought bac{}ave you ever wondered what happens to people who simply 1* �������| Some go qorever, and others turn up again. Sometimes those who do come are 2*�������� to clear the mystery oq their strange ajsence. ]nd those who do not return will continue to pu��le us. Some oq the most common e~planations are: �murdered� or �taken away jy 3* ��������� aliens in a spaceship�.fhere was a 4* ��������� story ajout a girl oq eight who went away and never came jack. }er parents had died when she was a jajy and her uncle had jeen looking 5*���������� as people said* aqter her. ]t the age oq eighteen she was going to inherit the qamily wealth and 6* ���������. `ne day the uncle couldn�t � nd her and panicked. }e decided to dress up another little girl and showed her to everyjody as his niece. �olice 7* ��������� discovered what he had done and he was charged with murder. Nojody was in doujt oq his ��IbN^���Sfb��IN�bSfI�]fb11. 5 # . * " "" &$ %$ , +&   $$  = -   ;  .Xheir habits�apan like �reat Britain is an island country. fhat�s why the bnglish and the 1*�������� have much in common. `q course we can talk ajout some general qeatures. fhere are 2* ���������� people in any nation. ]mong�]�]N�]��192$ �!**  �9. 5 # . * " "" &$ -%$ , +&   $$  = -   ;  .Nlbert Qinstein]ljert binstein was a man oq many contrasts. }e was a scientist with a love qor music and an industrialist who managed to remain an 1* ����������. }e made a qortune jut lived a simple liqe.In 1905, the young physicist created the theory oq relativity and made some other discoveries which turned the e~isting scienti� c ideas upside down. }owever, his theory was not taken too 2* �������� at rst jecause it contradicted other theories. ]t some time binstein was also pursued in �ermany qor his anti-war views. }e was a 3*��������� opponent to qascism.In 1909, he jecame ^octor oq physics and �roqessor at �urich �niversity. ]t that time he was not only a 4* ��������� physicist jut an e~cellent lecturer. }e started giving e~tremely popular lectures on science qor the general pujlic. ]t the end oq his lectures his 5* ���������� used to struggle qor the piece oq chalk which binstein had used during the lecture. In 1922, he received the Nojel �ri�e. In 1939, he wrote a letter to �resident �oosevelt asking him to stop the research on splitting uranium jecause it could lead to the 6* ��������� oq weapons oq mass destruction. fhus, the great scientist cared deeply ajout the whole 7* ��������. But his warning wasn�t taken into consideration and the research was carried on which led to the creation oq the 8* ��������� jomj. In 1940, binstein jecame �S citi�en and up to his death in 1955 he remained a patriotic son and a lover oq mankind.�]SSI`NISfbN_`NSf��_f]f`�ater leisure activities jecame less and less demanding, and most people got a variety oq more or less 4* �������� interests and hojjies. Nowadays there is a new type oq person who thinks that lying on the soqa watching television is the most 5* ��������� thing. fhis is the twentieth century couch potato. �or them, every activity is too much troujle, and 6* ������� is an art qorm\bNb���b�_Ifb8. 5 # . * " "" &$ -%$ , +&   $$  = -   ;  .Phristmas and Yew �ear traditions_hristmas 1* ��������� are diqqerent in diqqerent places. But 2* ���������� in all the countries giving presents and sending greetings with good wishes are very popular. fhe word �_hristmas� means �_hrist�s �ass�. So, on _hristmas ^ay most people go to the church to celejrate the jirth oq �esus _hrist. fhe 3* ���������� like to decorate the _hristmas tree jeqore the holiday. fhis tradition appeared in 4* �������� in the 16th century. fhe evergreen tree is a symjol oq liqe.ighting candles is another old tradition which 5* ��������� the � re which helps people to overcome cold winter weather. fhis symjol also helps to qorget the 6*�������� oq winter. _hristmas and New �ear�s ^ay have 7* �������� jeen the occasion qor starting new proxects and giving up jad hajits. �eople talk ajout �turning over a new leaq�. �any children in bngland make New �ear �esolutions, promising themselves and their qamilies to improve their 8* ��������._bbB�]fb��]_fI_]S��B`Bb}]�b190$ �!**  �I. 5 # . * " "" ="-%@ ;A$ 4$ $  "  F"  -&$ = %$H.Ty sisterast week I went into a town to juy a jirthday present qor my elder sister. �ou couldn�t meet a more 1* ���������� person than her. fo tell the truth, I�ve never seen such 2* ����������� and qunny women in my liqe. She is also the most 3* ������� person I�ve ever met. fhe worst thing is that she has a �uicker temper than me. �other says that she could also je a little tidier than she is. ]nyway, the present I wanted to juy her had to je the jest I could aqqord. I looked qor such a giqt everywhere and 4* ���������� I came across the most jeautiqul scarq I had ever seen. It was longer than the one she already had and much more 5* ����������. Imagine my disappointment when I discovered the ne~t day that mother had jought her b�bNf�]b�]_f7. 5 # "L&#  . 5+ #  ,  "  &   &$ + $ =? ,  , +&  $$  =  -   ;  . * " "" "&-$  $.Nre �ou a Pouch _otato[_enturies ago, people 1* ��������� had much qree time, jecause everyjody was working too hard. In Britain in the nineteenth century people invented qootjall, rugjy and cricket. It was even 2* ������������ simply to watch a sport and give the impression that you were 3*���������� doing something.]_f�]189D. * " "" ="%@ ;-A$ 4$ $  "  . ! $ +&  %  "  & ="#  ? # 4$.}e�s jeen thinking over my �uestion qor 5minutes. I�m gettingze pity 2*������� cats and dogs in the 188$ �!**  ��ou get qantastic views oq ondon qrom the high walkways. It is even more e~cit-ing iq you can je there when the jridge goes up.`ne day a plane � ew under the jridge. 6*�������, no one was hurt, jut the pilot lost his xoj.ondon Bridge also houses an e~cellent museum telling the story oq the jridge�s design, construction and history.fower Bridge is 60 metres long, and its towers rise to a height oq 43 metres.�_{�3. 5 # "L&#  . 5+ #  ,  "  &   &$ + $ =? ,  , +&  $$  =  -   ;  . * " "" "&-$  $=  %$.N letter^ear {ate,fhanks qor your letter. I�m 1* �������� sorry I haven�t written earlier. I�ve jeen 2* ������� jusy recently.So, the children are on holiday at the moment and only you can understand that I�m 3*���������� e~hausted\ �ust imagine how 4* ��������� glad I�ll je when they go jack to school\ fo tell you the truth, I�m counting every minute to this day. fhen I�ll je 5* �������� qree during their lessons and e~tra classes\ In my opinion, the school holidays are too long. fhe children get 6* ������� jored. I haven�t the slightest idea what to do with them.Sorry, they�re asking me qor their qavorite homemade cake.zrite jack soon.fake care,]z��18;2. �ou should do the house chores and ��������� you may go qor a walk.3. fhe little puppy met his master ���������.4. She knew the poem only �����������.5. fhe e~pedition was moving �����������.6. }e was talking to her so ������������ that she started crying.7. bnglish is a ��������� spread language.8. fhey were listening to her �������� with their mouths shut and eyes open.9. }e couldn�t learn to drive �������� no matter how hard he tried.2. 5 # "L&#  . 5+ #  ,  "  &   &$ + $ =? ,  , +&  $$  =  -   ;  . * " "" "&-$  $=  %$.�ondon Oridgesfower Bridge is so popular that some peo-ple think that it is 1* ��������������� ondon Bridge. It�s the most photo-graphed oq all oq ondon�s jridges. �ou oqten see it in � lms and travel guides.fower Bridge is 2* ���������� young. It was juilt in 1894. zhen it was opened in 1894, it was considered a wonder oq the world. foday, it has jecome one oq on-don�s most qamous symjols.fower Bridge is the only fhames jridge which can je raised. Its middle section can je raised 3* ����������� to let large ships pass under the fower Bridge. }uge engines raise the jridge sections, which weigh ajout 1000 tons each, very 4*����������, in xust over a minute. fhe jridge used to je raised ajout 50 times a day, jut nowadays it�s 5* ������������� raised 4 to 5 times a week.]_f�]�S�]186$ �!**  � 3. She can ������� your dress in 5 minutes. 4. ze�ll ������ a party on the 8th oq �arch. 5. �ou must ������� your pets iq you want them to je healthy. 6. fhey needed to �������� the walls oq the qortress jeqore the enemy�s attack. 7. fhe drawing will je jetter iq the artists �������� the shades a little jit more. 8. ] lot oq people tried to ��������wolves jut all in vain. 9. fhis scientist has tried to �������all the wild plants 10. It�s impossijle to ������� these ajoriginal xungle people.44* 5$&-ly) + @ - +,   - !,    %W V    $   %  $V-  !;, %E-V; +jad� jad-wards-ward    -  !aqter� aqterwardsward1. + #  % " "$A 44 -ly,-wards,-ward.   +  &  % ="-jack silent wide cruel aqter happy �uick part rst e~treme north1. ze couldn�t do the task jecause it was ����������� diq� cult.18:   =    !   $V - !,      ?+.44* 5$&-ate !,  $V  !active� activate , @     to sharp-fy,-ify !,  $V  !, V!  % %, ! $   $E  $   -private� privat1. + #   &@ "  &@  &, -"% 44&=-(i)fy,-en. 5  # %&.Black, simple, sharp, short, pure, red, soqt, jeauty, jright, weak, qalse, sweet, intense, wide.2. + #   &@ A&@  &, -"% 44 5  # %&._haracter, analysis, socialist, sympathy, patron, drama, apology, popularity, recognition.3. + #  &   &@ #  " "$-A 44-(i)fy; -ise/-ize -ate.   "-&  & ="% " $&.simple organ strength domestic pretty civil class jlack vaccine short hospital1. It�s necessary to ���������� him immediately. }is arm and legs are jroken.2. I can�t understand this sentence. ������ it.184$ �!**  �daqqodils, the national � ower oq zales, and a 1* �������� symjol oq the return oq Spring. ^aqqodils grew around the walls oq St ^avid�s monastery.]nother plant, which the zelsh wear proudly on St ^avid�s ^ay, is the 2* ������� national vegetajle oq zales, the leek. eeks are wonderqully cooked in soups and stews and jread, jut why would people wear one|]ccording to a 3* �������� legend, St ^avid ordered his soldiers to wear leeks on their helmets during the jattle against the Sa~on invaders. `r, mayje, it was {ing who ordered the soldiers to wear the leeks jeqore the jattle in 4* �������� time. It�s even possijle that love to the leek pre-dates St ^avid. It can have its roots in ancient 5* ��������� practice. In zales at that period oq time the 6* �������� properties oq leeks were highly valued. {ing }enry � also wore a leek in honor oq his zelsh heritage. zelsh soldiers carry on the tradition jy pinning leeks to their uniqorms as a symjol oq national pride.�]f�I`f�]�b11. + #   $ +C A&@ ="  &@, "% ;A "4& =4-4&.  " %  L$.e~citeappointhonestpatientdirectpro�luck-ly-ment-ful-ce183 7. I had a ����������� Sunday jecause oq the weather. 8. �or some students going to school is ���������. 9. fhe army usually used the �������� tactics.10. _haracters in horror � lms are rather ��������.9. 5 # "L&#  . 5+ #  ,  "  &   &$ + $,  , +&   $$  =    -;  . * " "" "&$  $ F"  &$H.`indsor astlezindsor _astle is the largest 1* ������ castle in the world. �ueen bli�ajeth II and the �oyal qamily regard zindsor _astle as their home. ]qter his glorious victory zilliam the _on�uer juilt a 2* ������ qort on the jank oq the river fhames. zindsor can joast 3*��������� occupation qor over 900 years. ]nd over the centuries almost every other monarch has made something 4* ���������� to the structure.5* ������� changes and modi� cations were made during the reigns oq _harles II and �eorgeI�. fhe State �ooms contain many � ne e~amples oq qurnishings and paintings, including 6*������ works jy �an ^yck and �emjrandt.zindsor _astle is one oq the most qamous castles in the zorld. z``^�]���]��b10. 5 # "L&#  . 5+ #-  ,  "  &   &$ + $,  , +&   $$  =   - ;  . * " "" "&$  $ F"  &$H.`elsh � oral symbolsIn zales, St ^avid�s ^ay is celejrated as a national holiday, and the symjols oq zelsh pride are everywhere around the country. `ne well-known tradition is the wearing oq182$ �!**  �11. }e doesn�t need any advice. }e needs ��������� help.12. fhe operation was ���������� and she qeels good now.13. �������������� qruit trees and � owers grow in my grandma�s garden.14. }ow ����������� you are to have such loving parents\7. + #   &@    "  & " "$A 44  .   "& "  &  "% " $&.e~cite surprise irritate rela~ qascinate jorelove interest 1. �y mother is a ���������� person. 2. fhey are ������������� jy jad weather. 3. I�m ��������� jy this news. 4. Swimming is always�����������. 5. ze watched such an ����������� � lm yesterday. 6. zhen children have nothing to do, they are ���������. 7. �y qriend is ����������� in wild animals and jirds. 8. I�m reading a ��������� jook at the moment. 9. ze usually get very ��������, juying presents.10. }e knows so much, he�s really one oq the most ��������� people I know.8. + #   &@    "  & " "$A 44  .   "& "  &  "% " $&.worry conquse scare jore tire amuse satisqy attack 1. fhe teacher was ���������� jy their answer and gave them good marks. 2. fhe rules oq how to use this gadget were �uite �������. 3. ^o you qeel ��������� ajout your jrother| 4. I can�t read any more. I�m �����������. 5. It�s such an ����������� story. 6. ittle children are oqten ������������ jy the dark.181G. + #   $ +C "  &@, -"% ;A "4& =44&.  "- %  L$.pre-post-inter-patienthistoryhonestwestmarvelnationalactwarlegalregularraincarecomqortjeautyhopejoy-ful-iveI. "% 44& -ed -ing -al,-ful -ate -ial-ous,-ent -ic, + #  "L&@  A-&@ "  &.   "& "  -& ="% " $&.success luck wind diqqerence happiness depression health person wealth generosity mess noise, nance qortune dirt romance medicine pollution 1. �y qriend is kind and �������. }e likes to give me presents. 2. ze try to lead a ���������� liqestyle-sport, vegetajles and no xunk qood. 3. fhe party was so �������� that I couldn�t hear myselq. 4. It�s a very ����������� �uestion. I don�t want to answer it. 5. fhe weather was cold and�������� . 6. �y joyqriend is a ����������� person. }e sends me poems and � owers. 7. ]qter the party the room was so ���������\ 8. It�s ��������� to think that nojody understands you. 9. ��������� people have large houses and yachts.10. I dislike everything ajout this town. fhe streets were �������������, the air was ���������������.180$ �!**  �* 5$&% EV + - +, +, ;-danger� danger  stone� ston1. + #   &@ A&@ "  -& " "$A 44 -less. 5 @  # %&.]im, care, jeauty, hope, doujt, qruit, use, power, thank, harm, colour.2. + #   &@   "  & " "$A 44 =. 5 @  # fo change, to eat, to compare, to convert, to pro� t, to read, to comqort, to respect, to e~pect.3. + #   &@ A&@ "  -& " "$A 44 - 5 @  # _entre, culture, qorm, intellect, post, accident, comic.D. + #   &@ A&@ "  -& " "$A 44 -. 5 @  # _loud, dirt, qog, qrost, rain, sun, thirst, wind.   1;9* 5$&-ant-ent  $EV $V - ! +E $??  -ance-enceimportance� importantdiqqerence� diqqerent%  +-, ;  circle� circul-ary-ery diet� dietary    - %wood� wood  ! ! -  !;jig� jigg  !, %-    east� eastA ! !   _hina� _hin-est ; !   !;tall� the tallest  , $$ - %, P +$- % drama� dramat !W%* % !   (  $ $ + $?-Scottred� redd-ive V  ,  @-V,  nature� native-ful   jeauty� jeautiful $   hope� hope0   1;8$ �!**  �G. 5 # "L&  &. 5+ #-  ,  "  &   &$ + $,  , +&   $$  =   - ; . * " "" "&$  -Tarlon Orando�arlon Brando was perhaps the greatest � lm 1* ��������������� oq his generation. }e was jorn in 1924 and people soon reali�ed that he was talented. }owever, he never did very well at school and he never seemed to je interested in 2* �����������. zhen he � nally leqt school, he travelled to New �ork, where he jecame a 3* ��������� at drama school. fhere he heard ajout the ideas oq {onstantin Stanislavsky. fhat �ussian jecame qamous qor the 4* ��������� oq a special way to jring acting closer to real liqe.Brando used Stanislavsky�s ideas in his acting and during the 1940s he appeared in diqqerent plays on Broadway. fhe 5* �������� liked him and he slowly jecame jetter known. }is � rst maxor 6* ������� was in the � lm ] Streetcar Named ^esire 1947*. }e jecame world qamous and a star was jorn.]_fb^�_]fbSf�^�* 5$&+@ !  $V  W%  + - +to change� changeto comqort� comqort%, ; , %  + ; +addition� addition @ ! --%$!  , +$  $W   +$ -E, $ P  ..]raj� ]raj1;;13. Iq qather�����. ur kitchen, we�ll start cooking every day.14. ong ago it was diq� cult to����� icejergs.D. + # A&   &@   " "$A 44 -ty -dom.   "-& A& ="% " $&.muse pollute achieve punish astonish qreepreserv puriqy jore illustrate prepare 1. ����� oq water and air is one oq the main projlems oq our planet. 2. It�s a pity that he�s missed our last ������ qor the test. 3. fhis criminal deserves �����. 4. }is ������ to this story is perqect. 5. Slaves in many countries oq the world had to � ght qor 6. ������ oq rare animals is one oq the tasks oq National �arks. 7. No plans, no ideas. zhat ��������\ 8. �ountain springs are well known qor their water 9. fo her ������� she qound out that her grandqather was a millionaire.10. fo use computer technologies was a great ����� oq 11. zatching f� is her qavorite �������.1;6$ �!**  �1. + #   &@ A&@ =  -A& ="$A; 44  -ist,-ian,-or5 @  # %&.]rt, piano, lijrary, music, to type, to act, to conduct, tocompose, to direct, to drive, to � ght, to qound, to invent, to lead, to mine, to read, to report, to speak, to teach,2. + #   &@   A& ="-$A; 44 -ment, -ion,-ation,-sion,-ssion,-tion5 @  # %&.fo achieve, to announce, to collect, to disappoint, tocomjine, to improve, to connect, to dictate, to state, toinclude, to introduce, to produce, to restrict, to sujmit.3. "% 44& -, +- #  "L&@    A-&.    &  "& A& ="% " $&.~plor e�uip revise detect arrange entertainprotect prevent 1. fhis task needs�����. 2. It�s impossijle to climj the mountains without special�����. 3. I�m aqraid, I can�t����� you. 4. �ou should take some measures oq����� or they�ll get into troujle. 5. zhat kind oq�����do you preqer: reading or watching 6. ^o you know when the�����oq ]laska started| 7. ��ou�re under our�����,�said the policeman. 8. �et�s�����a picnic,� oqqered they. 9. _ircus clowns don�t����� me anymore.10. In spite oq long�����, she�s qorgotten the time oq her departure.11. �ou�ll qail your e~am, iq you don�t�����.12. }e�ll help you, as he�s a private�����.1;:44* 5$&-ist? , - @ ! ,  , ?  ? -to type� typistSocialist-menta*  , A ,  W%* $ !     $  !- to move� movementto improve� improvement      -h$� happi*  @   %V W ,  @ !, $ W%* $+, +  ,  $ W W * $ , P +$- %W* %  -captain� captain raqtsman� raqtsmancomrade� comradeciti�en� citi�en-ture* A ,  W  W %  %* ?  ! W ?A ! $@-  ?$Ato depart� departureportrait� portraiture%   %- ! $V -  ,      * strong� streng   1;4$ �!**  �44* 5$&%   %- ! $V - !, %E-* %V  -$    W%*  qree� qree A,   -   to address� address-er, $EV A,  to sell� sellto visit� visit-ery,-ary,-ry%*  ,  -    ! W    - +  W*      -to jind� jinderyto roj� rojjerychemistchemistslaveslave-hood*  , %V-   @W%*  ,  W* $ ! E child� childhoodsaint� sainthoodjrother� jrotherhood @ ! A  $ %, mathematics� mathemat-ation,*  , A ,  W%* %  -W  , - to transqorm� transqormationto accommodate� dation = + 0   1;354*  # " re- , , -read divisionultra-$ !-, ;ultra - (- @ E -pay44* 5$&-age  $ !W%*    % ! W+  @ ! to marry� marriageacre� acreageageto harjorharjora-ance-enceA ,      important� importancediqqerent� diqqerence   1;2$ �!**  � "  "  454*  # " lingualco-+-e~istencecounter-counterattacke~-%P --championrichinter-+@$, -, +international night !-, understandmulti-poli FyH-multinational, polytechnicover- ;, --overloadpost-  (- @  ? $ pre-postwarpre- , prehistoricY   ?    E    %V +    -++-7. fhe spot on your dress is so jig that it�s �������� (visijle* qrom everywhere. 8. It�s ������ (usual* to see a shark in the North Sea. 9. �ou won�t je healthy iq you have �������� (regular* 10. fhey never say, �b~cuse us�. fhey�re really ����� (polite*.11. Never trust him. }e�s ������������ (honest*.D. $  ,  & "  ,  , +&   $$  =    -;  .Sam is a jully and he has one oq the most personalities oq anyone I know. }e�s to-tally 2* ������������he never does what his parents or teach-ers tell him to do, he�s3* ������������ he�s always tell-ing lies*, and I try to keep my dis-tance qrom him as much as possijle. 4* ������������, he�s my jroth-er, so that�s not always easy\ It�s strange having a relative who everyone 5* ���������������. It makes me qeel very 6* ������������ at school, jecause sometimes people think that Imust je xust like him, jut in qact I�m completely diqqerent. I hope as Sam grows older, he�ll understand how important qriendliness is and he�ll stop jeing so 7*����������� to everyone. `ne thing is sure� he�ll never get a girlqriend until he changes his ways\]ff�]_fI�b}`NbSf�`�f�N]fb�_`��`�f]Bb1;0$ �!**  �2. *  "%, "%    $ =  "4: . ) +@-$, $ 4$, +&   $$  -   ;.pack possijle agree tidy qair like appear employed legal polite 1. I need to clean my room. It�s so����� . 2. }e�s jad at �hysics. �or him it�s an����� sujxect. 3. She����� � sh. She preqers chicken. 4. It�s very����� to ask how much they earn. 5. ]s soon as we arrived at the hotel, we����� our suitcases. 6. }e was����� qor two years jut then he qound a good xoj as a gardener. 7. �I think playing computer games is joring. I�����. In my opinion, it�s interesting.� 8. `q all sisters you make me do all the house chores\ 9. It�s����� to sell alcohol to children and teens.10. fhe thieq stole the woman�s jag, ran out qrom the caq� 3. + # $&   &@  + @ , -"% ? & "4&   ";  ? ; 4$ "-&@ , @%   .1. ]ll your answers are���� (correct*. �our mark is �5�.2. }e doesn�t like waiting. }e�s ������ (patient*.3. �y parents tell me that it�s ������� (necessary* to go to school.4. �ou�ll je ����� (� t* iq you don�t go in qor sports.5. �ou�re pleased only with this pupil. fhat�s ������ (qair*.6. }is room is always clean. }e�s very ������� (tidy*.16954&* 5  "-A�honest, appear- @ comqortajle, tidy, successqulW lock, loadCV    ? /    -ajility, -conduct, C   legalA�qormalC   mortalC   regularanti-A�antiqascist1. + #   $ +C , "% -? & "4& zar, possijle, cover (2*, pack, stajility, comqort, lijeral, removajle, terrorism, polite, order, active, jeliever, eqqective, tie, realistic, logical, rational, jelieq.168$ �!**  �%    $   ;  % %  ; +. V+       $ +, +   !,   !  $V, %! $  !    , -  + %$+ A . % -,   @ ++      - ! @E  , %$   ! $ . @ $   $  !+$ E.D     %;+      $EV     X 1. J @  !  $V   $ 1 % .  ?  $ ++  ?+,  +$  !  %- ( +. D! + @� "    *.D@ +   E   -%, $+ + $!  ,  @   �D  %-E�  !    + $@ . "1#"3 #-1" #     +  %$E  $-=+ ?? A,   $   A$  (* % E  ?  (large $??  (D?     ,  $?? � A.54&  , +E  ,     @ !       : ( $V  !*  % !� ( $V  !-*   % !.44& $@   %      $: ( $V  !* $�  !* $ .16;!) !  (!** D = @  . D%$ ,   + %$+ A , %; ++ , , %  ++-     @E  . J  -$   $+ +. @ $  - $  !+$ E Xhe Xhames Westivalfhe �������� fhames �estival took place in Septemjer, 1997. It started with an ama�ing high wire walk across the fhames and was a great success. foday, the fhames �estival �������� ondon�s ���������� qree outdoor arts qestival.fhe ������������� part oq the qestival is the Sunday night carnival.] huge 6-metre tall puppet oq ady �odiva leads the carnival. ady �odiva �������� in the 11th century and was the wiqe oq an bnglish earl. ]ccording to legend, she asked her husjand to lower ta~es on the people oq _oventry and he said he ������������� it iq she rode her horse naked through the town. She did this, and the ta~es ����������.fhe carnival usually �������������� jy a jeautiqul reworks display, lighting up the whole sky with the jrightest oq �����������.S�b_f]_�]��``z166$ �!**  � D = @  . D%$ ,   + %$+ A , %; ++ , , %  ++-     @E  . J  -$   $+ +. @ $  - $  !+$ E Oob TarleyBoj �arley����������� jy millions all over the world not only qor his music jut qor his jelieqs and his work qor peace. �arley was the � rst superstar qrom the rural north oq �amaica. �overty as well as amjitions ����������� Boj to make music. }is proqessional career jegan in 1962 when he made his ��������� single. }e and his group jecame a sensation in �amaica and everywhere in the _arijjean. fhey identi� ed with rejellious youth. But soon �arley�s liqe was to je changed jy a new in� uence. In the early 1960�s the �astaqarian movement����������� in �amaica, jecoming more and more popular. fhe �astaqarians jelieved that eventually all jlack people ���������to their homeland to ]qrica. �arley was interested in religion and qrom 1967 his music ������� this.]t the start oq the 70�s his group�������� still unknown internationally. But in 1971 while visiting Britain, they signed a contract with Island �ecords in ondon. fhe deal gave a jig advance and access to the ��������� recording e�uipment. By 1975, when the single �No zoman, No _ry� reached the charts, they ����������Britain. �``^16:!) !  (!** D = @  . D%$ ,   + %$+ A , %; ++ , , %  ++-     @E  . J  -$   $+ +. @ $  - $  !+$ E fhe mass media play an important part in our lives. Newspapers, radio and especially f� inqorm us oq what ����������� on in this world.It is true that the world today is qull oq dramatic events and most news ����������to je jad news.But people �������������in ordinary events. fhat is why there are so many programmes and articles ajout natural disasters, plane crashes, wars, murders and �����������.Some people say that xournalists ����������too much qreedom. fhey oqten qollow celejrities and print sensational stories ajout them which are untrue or halq-true. fhey take photos oq them in ���������most intimate moments. fhe �uestion is� should this je allowed|fhe main source oq news qor millions oq people is television. Still, many people preqer the radio. It�s good to listen to in the car or when you do something ajout the house. Newspapers ��������� to events as �uickly as f�, jut they usually provide us with e~tra detail.fhe Internet ����������recently another important source oq inqormation. fhe �������� advantage oq the Internet is that news appears on the screen as soon as things happen in real liqe and you don�t have to wait qor news time on f�.INfb�bSf�`BBb��N`f �b]_f�``^164$ �!**  � D = @  . D%$ ,   + %$+ A , %; ++ , , %  ++-     @E  . J  -$   $+ +. @ $  - $  !+$ E Xhe world of Xeddy Oearsfhe story oq teddy jears ��������� jack to 1902, when fheodore �oosevelt was �resident oq the �nited States. fhe press and the people qondly called him feddy. }e ��������� the name, jut accepted it.`nce �resident �oosevelt ���������� in the qorest. ]qter several hours, he still hadn�t jagged anything. fhen one oq his aides discovered a lost jear cuj and tied it to a tree� here was the �resident�s trophy qor the day\ But �oosevelt ��������� jring himselq to shoot the cuj, and ordered it to je set qree.fhe ne~t day newspapers ���������� with cartoons depicting him with a jear. ]n idea came to the ����������� oq a candy store in New �ork. fhey made a little toy jear cuj and put it in ��������� shop window with a notice saying �feddy�s Bear�. fhe Bear was such a hit that they sent a jear to the zhite }ouse, together with a re�uest to use the �resident�s name qor their stuqqed jears. �oosevelt gladly gave his permission.Soon new toys jecame the �������������� companions _]NN`f�]�`��Ifb163!) !  (!**      $+A +$ +! . J !  ?+   $+A   2019 . D = @  . D%$ ,   + %$+ A , %; ++ , , %  ++-     @E  . J  -$   $+ +. @ $  - $  !+$ E Wrom the history of s{yscrapersIt�s very diq� cult to jelieve the qact that the ������� skyscrapers ��������� in _hicago during the 1880s.fhey were the result oq a need qor �������� working and living space in some ]meri-can jig ������ where the cost oq living��������� very high.Instead oq using a lot oq e~pensive space on the ground ������� juild-ers used the qree space oq the sky.fhe walls oq the early skyscrapers oq-ten ��������� oq stone� not qor practical reasons, jut to make the ��������� look solid and strong.So the most qamous symjols oq ]meri-ca ���������� more than a century ago.162$ �!**  �G  %;+ %! + +, - ,   ; %$   + $: , @ !   .  + ?+ ; + +. G    $ ! + +,  +  ?+$ +@  G  %;+ %!   !   ,  + ;  , +  -G   $   !,   , %$  %!    !.J  $ ,    V= , % $%! ,  % ?+ ++-       $E  @-D      X 1. D!  ! !    $ %;+  +-  !   A ! =+    .      ! , % -%   .5)*(xz  ): +   $P   ! @= ( V=* ?+,    ?   ;   +!E+  . "$P  !    !E, +: ^`N`f{N`z.   "$ + 4 4 ="  "   %  F&  &, $  # =..H.  "   "  % + "L =" $  =" +  .161!) !  (!** D@     !   A +, % !    @. , $E  !   %! @+ $ ,  +    , - V     .G  $     ,  , +   (+    +*   @ !. ($  % +@$ "   - =�  $ %  % C+ K% +    +, + -=   . )  E , -  @$ +, + +  @ !   . % !  + $V  -$EV  @,   +@ !  % +    @ (A !-,   !*.  +   -    ;  @.) %$! %!  !   - $.% +    $ ;  @-  @ @+  ,  +  $E    ; -% +    +  ( ! +$ %!  ?+ %$$V +*.D      +  ; -   +=.&      %! $   - .  $  +  ,  @   %! + (G  %;+ %! $V  !,  +   % +@    $+,         E+.160$ �!**  �cept on the last day, when it turned cloudy andchilly. I en-temples and gardens� the autumn colours were �uite spectacular.had to/must/could learn _hinese customs very �uick-ly\ Indon�t have to/can�t wearyour shoes in the house� you wear slippers which the host provides. ]nd (xust imagine\* youto/are allowed to noise drink tea\ (Inqactit�s polite iq you do\* Icaught a while I was there, jut I 10*jlow my nose in pujlic asit�s considered to je rude.Now I�m jack home. fomorrowmy aunt and uncle 11*come/are going to come/are coming stay qor a qewdays. I12* must/can tidy the house jeqore they arrive\ fomorrow evening 13*we�re going/we�ll go/we�re going to go atre, and on zednesday mother�s qriend 14*here has invitedqor a meal. ]part qrom that, I haven�t made any plans� perhaps 15* them qor a drive in the country.]nyway, I 16* must/can stop writing now� it�s nearly midnight and I�ve got an early start tomorrowzrite again soon and let mehow you�re getting on. �ive my love to �rank when you see }ope 18* you soon\1:9!) !  (!** 2. ' # + =+ # ; 4$ - "%. 1. }e made (I, do* it again. 2. Iq you want (we, get* there jeqore the night you should let (we, start* right now. 3. I heard (the door, open* and saw (somejody, walk* in. 4. zhat do you want (I, tell* him| 5. }e tried to make (I, jelieve* that he was my qriend. 6. }er qather doesn�t let (she, go* to the cinema alone. 7. ze watched (the children, play* in the garden. 8. She heard (they, return* late at night. 9. ze heard (he, e~plain* something to the students.10. ze didn�t e~pect (he, je late* qor the show.11. fhey didn�t want (I, do* this work alone.12. }e made (she, send* the message.13. I�d like (he, come* jut I don�t know how to make (he, do* it.14. Iq you want to je qriends with your kids, don�t make (they, jehave* like adults.15. fhey didn�t let (we, leave* the house until we had dinner.3. 5  $$ @ 4$. &+ " -&#   .^ear �olly,fhanks qor your letter. I�m pleased 1* to that you�rehaving a good time in �ork. }ow is the bng-lish course going| 2* Are you allowed to/Do you have to/Must lots oq homework| zhat�s your teacher like| Is he qriendly| �ou 3* write and tell me more\I had a wonderqul time in _hina. �y qriend, fai �in, invit-with her qamily in Nandu. ^o you rememjer her| She�s the girl who visited me last summer. fhey have a house on a hill xust outside Nandu. fhere was a jeautiqul view oq the city qrom my jedroom window. fai �in�s qamily were incredijly kind and hospitajle, and wouldn�t let anything. ze ate out a lot. _hinese cuisine is delicious� lots oq vegetajles, � sh, and rice. fhe weather was really nice. It was warm and sunny, e~-1:8$ �!**  � &  -see, hear, qeel, watchA\$$ =+}-$ " him/her/itze saw him cross/crossing the street.I qelt somejody touch my shoulder.She watched her son playing in the garden.1. ' # + =+ # ; 4$ - "%.Example: }e e~pected (they, arrive* at 5.� He expected 1. ^o you want (they, stay* at the hotel or with us| 2. ^o you want (I, show* you the sights oq the city| 3. ze e~pect (he, arrange* everything jy the time we 4. I want (she, tell* me the news in jrieq. 5. ze want (she, introduce* us to the president. 6. I don�t want (they, je late* qor dinner. 7. I wouldn�t like (she, prevent* me qrom doing it. 8. zhere is Nick| � I saw (he, talk* to {ate a qew minutes ago. 9. I noticed (he, write* something and (pass* it to ]lice.10. She watched (the stars, sparkle* in the dark sky.11. I did not e~pect (he, jehave* in such a way.12. I heard (he, work* in his study at night.13. fhey e~pected (he, juy* a more e~pensive car.14. I�ll make (he, tell* the truth\15. ^on�t let (she, walk* alone late at night.   1:;!) !  (!** 3. * " "" " # 4$# " %.^ear �aul,I qeel really 1* ����� (e~cite* here in �aris. It is a 2* ������ (qascinate* city. �ou will never get 3* ������ (jore* in it. rst it was a jit diq� cult to walk around the city 4*������� (not/know* �rench well enough. fhen I started using the phrase jook 5* ������ (give* to me jy you. Now Iqeel much more 6* �������� (rela~* in the street 7* ������� (talk* to �rench people.I think they � nd my accent a jit 8* ������� (amuse*. But I am never 9* ������� (emjarrass* now iq I need to order something 10* ������� (sit* in the caq�.I�ll tell you a lot oq 11* ������ (interest* things. Besides I�ll jring a lot oq photos 12* ������� (take* here in �aris.13* �������� (zait* to see you soon.%        ,  +@ - !   $. & want, e~pect, would likeA\$$ =+}-$ " him/her/itfhey want her to come. ze e~pected him to I would like you to help us. &  -="-let, make�other doesn�t let me come out late.fhe teacher made us rewrite the test.  ?    E= -    %V +   ++ ; 1:6$ �!**  � 3. franslate the words (writing, written* on the jlackjoard. 4. Name some places (visiting, visited* jy you last year. 5. I picked up the pencil (lying, lain* on the � oor. 6. She was reading the jook (juying, jought* the day jeqore. 7. I�ll show you a picture (painting, painted* jy }ogarth. 8. fhe (losing, lost* jook was qound at last. 9. (�oing, gone* along the street, I met �ary and ]nn.10. ook at the jeautiqul � owers (gathering, gathered* jy the children.11. I think that the joy (standing, stood* there is his jrother.12. I don�t know what was in the (jurning, jurnt* letter. Ididn�t read it.13. �eople (watching, watched* the accident were very e~cited.14. (faking, faken* the girl jy the hand, he helped her to cross the street.15. fhe wine (drinking, drunk* at the dinner was very good.2. * " "" " # 4$# " %. 1. �eople were watching the � remen trying to save 2. Nothing could je done to save the ������ (sink* ship. 3. zhy do you look so ������ (worry*| 4. fhe ������ (jreak* arm was e~amined jy the doctor. 5. zho is that joy ������ (do* his homework at the tajle| 6. fhe ����� (lose* child was qound in the empty house. 7. �}ow did you like the jook|� he asked ������ (turn* to me. 8. fhe dress ������ (juy* at this shop doesn�t � t me. 9. ������ (Speak* to the joss yesterday I qorgot to ask him ajout the salary.10. I rememjer all my qavourite cartoons ������ (see* in my childhood.1::!) !  (!** 3. 4  #[ &+ " ; 4$.^ear ^an,z xust wanted, 1* thank you qor giving us a liqt jeqore we caught the plane last week. It was a lovely evening, and we were happy 2* 1:4$ �!**  � 5. I�d love �������� (invite* ^ave and �ary round qor 6. I regret ������� (say* that I won�t je ajle to come. 7. �y xeans need �������� (wash*. fhey�re � lthy. 8. Stop ������ (pull* my hair\ It hurts\ 9. fo tell the truth I�m not very keen on ������ (visit* 10. I xust want ������� (wish* you }appy Birthday.11. fhe doctor advised me to stop ������� (smoke*.12. zould you mind ������� (qeed* our cat while we�re away on holiday|13. ^on�t qorget ������� (deqrost* the chicken jeqore you cook it.14. ^id you manage ������ (� nd* what you were looking qor|15. _an you slow down a jit| I�m not used to ������ (drive* so qast.2. 4  #[ * " "" -# 4$#. 1. �ane appears ����� (je* the only one who agrees tocome. 2. ze concentrated on ������ (do* this work very well. 3. I rememjer ������� (lend* my calculator to someone jut I can�t rememjer who\ 4. It�s no use ������ (try* to persuade me. I�m not going to tell you\ 5. I promise ����� (come* as soon as possijle. 6. �ane qailed ������ (meet* them at the airport. 7. Stop �������� (talk*, I�m trying to � nish the letter. 8. I always try to avoid ������ (see* him whenever I can. 9. I can�t stand ������ (wait* in the �ueue.10. fhe � remen managed ������� (put out* the � re pretty �uickly.11. ^o you rememjer ������� (meet* him last summer|12. et�s stop here ����� (juy* a newspaper.13. I qeel like ������ (have* a cup oq coqqee.14. I�d like to apologi�e qor ������ (je* late.15. fhis � lm is really worth ������ (watch*.1:3!) !  (!** 2. '\Remember to close the door. � ) %$! ! !. I remember closing the door. � K +E,   !.2. ^on�t 1:2$ �!**  �       Z   Z #  Z#aqqord, agree, appear, ask, je glad/pleased, je ajle, choose, decide, e~pect, qail, qorget, help, hope, intend, learn, manage, oqqer, prepare, plan, pretend, promise, requse, seem, used to, want, wish, would like/hate/love/preqer admit, adore, avoid, je worth, stand, consider, deny, dislike, enxoy, qancy, qeel like, � nish, qorgive, give up, imagine, involve, miss, postpone, practice, resist, risk, spend time, suggest, what ajout, it�s no use, there is no point jegin, continue, hate, like, love, preqer, start�ememjer, qorget, regret, stop, try, go on, 1. D  E%   !       -+  + $%   $:to apologi�e qor to je responsijle qorto depend on to je interested into je/get used to to je engaged into rely on to je qond oqto ojxect to to je tired oqto jlame qor to je good atto thank qor to je keen onto praise qor to je aqraid oqto put oqq to look qorward to1:1!) !  (!** 3*������� (can�t have jeen, might have jeen* jetter to ar-rive xust qiqteen minutes jeqore. ]nyway, when the inter-view started I xust 4*�������� (couldn�t, didn�t have to* qind what to say. I had asked my mother qor advice ajout interview techni�ue, and she said , �Iq I 5*������� (should je, were* you, I�d xust je yourselq.� I know I 6*������� (should, need* je more conqident, jut it isn�t always very helpqul\ ]qter ajout qive minutes I rela~ed a little, jut the �uestions were really diqqicult. ]t the end they said they would 7*������� (have to, je ajle to* let me know the re-sult oq the interview jy the end oq the month, jut I�m not very hopequl.I. &+  + @ " &#   . 1. zho (could have/should have* done such a terrijle 2. �ou (mustn�t/don�t have to* decide now, jut you must decide jy the end oq the week. 3. �ou (needn�t/shouldn�t* shout, I can hear you perqectly well. 4. ^avid (ought/must* to see a doctor ajout his leg. 5. fhey (mustn�t/can�t* take the car jecause the petrol tank is empty. 6. �ou (could have/must have* jeen cra�y to do something like that\ 7. �ou (should/have to* tell him that you are sorry qor what happened. 8. zhen I went to secondary school, I ( had to/ought to* wear a uniqorm. 9. I (can/might* not je ajle to come to the restaurant with you, so don�t wait qor me.10. �ou (could/should* wash your hands jeqore preparing qood.1:0$ �!**  � 3. �ou ������� speak to the teacher ajout it. ze�ve already discussed everything. 4. ]nn ������ � nish the e~ercise now. She can do it at 5. I ������ qorget to call �ranny. It�s her jirthday tomorrow. 6. �ou ������� watch the � lm iq you don�t want to. 7. �ou �������� watch the � lm. It�s not qor children. 8. It�s a secret. �ou ������� give the inqormation to anyjody. 9. fhey ����� give me an answer immediately. I can wait.10. }e is jetter today. }e ������ stay in jed.D. * " "+&   $ 1. _arol �������� help you with your homework. It�s important that you do it yourselq. 2. �ou ������� go shopping. �ohn has already jought everything. 3. ze ������� ask Bill ajout his holiday. }e doesn�t want to talk ajout it. 4. �ou ������ write a letter. I have already called him. 5. �ou look really tired. �ou studied all night last night, so tonight you ������� work so hard. 6. ze ������� make the same mistake again. 7. �ou �������� read my letters. fhey�re private. 8. ze ������� leave yet. ze�ve got plenty oq time to get to the station. 9. _lose qriends oqten ������ speak to each other to je understood.10. �ou ������ walk on thin ice\G. &+  + @ " &#   .N dif� cult interviewI had a very diqqicult interview the other day, in qact it 1*�������� (should je, must have jeen* the most diqqicult one oq my liqe. I arrived an hour early � I know I 2*������� (mustn�t have to, didn�t have to*, jut I was too nervous. In qact all the waiting made me even more nervous, and it 149!) !  (!** 1.   ="" $ &  & can/cannot, F=;A# 4$H. 1. �ou ���� learn this poem jy heart. 2. ���� I take your pen| I ��� � nd mine. 3. Soon he ���� speak �erman. 4. I ������ visit you today jecause I ����� do my homework. 5. Iq you have done your homework, you ���� go qor awalk. 6. ]nn ����� draw jut she ����� draw well. 7. I hope I ����� go to Sochi ne~t summer. 8. I can�t understand �artin. I�ve never ��������� understand him. 9. fhe joy qell into the river jut qortunately we ������� rescue him.10. ����� you skate well|- No, I am aqraid I ������.2.    ""    $ $. &@  %@ " +% ?  % 4$ . 1. It�s Sunday tomorrow so I ����������� get up early. 2. ze went to a restaurant yesterday, so we ��������� cook. 3. et�s clean up now, so we �������� do it tomorrow. 4. ucy qeels jetter now, so she ������� take the 5. �ou�ve got plenty oq time. �ou �������� hurry. 6. It was very cold yesterday so I �������� wear a coat. 7. She �������� wear glasses or else she can�t read 8. I can�t go out tonight. I ������� study qor my e~am. 9. �y car doesn�t work, so I ���������� take the train.10. I jroke my tooth, so I ������� go to the dentist�s yesterday.3.   don�t/doesn�t have to1. I�ve already learnt the words. I ������ do it in the evening.2. �ou ������ stay so late without ringing me. I�m worried.148$ �!**  � & *  5$& ', + !-  �ou go to the doctor.�ou to help your parents.=, �ou should have done it long ago.%;+ !   $ % - take a ta~i yesterday. rewrite the test.%;+   ?+* �ou don�t get up early on Saturday.% !  - meet us at the station.ze were to wait qor them at the door.D/-�ou are to come here on time.�ou are not to leave without permission.)%@- !, -P ! leave soon. happen.+@ ! P  =- do it myselq.%;+   ?+* �ou do this e~ercise now.�ou have gone there.   14;!) !  (!**  & *  5$& canD !%, -Paqraid I can�t. I�m jusy.�ou can use my mojile iq you need it.% +@ !�ou can always go to the school lijrary iq you need a jook.)$- !, +- she je so young|could have written this letter.) ! }e can�t have done it. }e could je more generous to his mother.�ou could have called us.(might* R+ !  !%, -P I come in|� �es, you �ou take my pen.D @- start raining soon.=,  ( ! �ou help us, you�re �uite qree now.�ou have told us ajout it.% !,  , %;-+ !�ou do it immediately. we learn it jy heart|' -�ou go there. ! It je cold outside. �ou must have made a mistake.0   146$ �!**  �2. &+ ; 4$    + @. 1. ) asked me where I (live, lived*. 2. }e said he (will, would* come. 3. }e asked me what time it (is, was*. 4. I asked him what the word (means, meant*. 5. I asked her whether she (knows, knew* it. 6. }e said he (can, could* meet us easily. 7. }e didn�t say where he (is, was* going. 8. }e promised to come iq he (has, had* time. 9. fhey asked when my qather (jought, had jought* his car.10. �ary said she (will, would* je jack later.3. ' # +, "    =; 4$. 5$ =   $L.ast night we went to a qootjall match. zhile we 1* ������ (cross* the street, I 2* ������ (see* �ictor. }e 3* ������ (stand* at the corner. }e said he 4* ������ (wait* qor his qriend who 5*������ (come* to St. �etersjurg the day jeqore and 6* ����� (want* to see the new stadium. ] man 7* ������ (come* up to me and asked iq I 8* ���� (have* a spare ticket qor the match. I said that I 9* ������� (je* glad to give him a ticket iq I 10* �������� (have* one. �ictor told us that two joys 11* ������ (xust/ask* him the same jut he 12* ������� (not/have* any ticket either. ]t the entrance to the stadium we 13* ������� (meet* Sergei. }e 14* ����� (show* us to our seats and added that he 15* ������� (xoin* us a jit later. & *  5$& can' % !, {ate can speak bnglish well.could skate well when I was little.14:!) !  (!** 5%$ %  % this/thesethat/thoseheretheretodaythat dayyesterdaythe day jeqoretomorrowthe ne~t daylast week (year* the week (year* jeqorene~t week (year* the ne~t/qollowing week (year* the day jeqore yesterdaytwo days jeqorethe day aqter tomorrowtwo days laternowthenagojeqore1.  #@ 4$ &+ , ; & "-+ +& " " "  "%. 1.   ,  @  # . a* lived j* lives c* has lived 2. '     +,    P $. a* has leqt j* had leqt c* leqt 3.   E   +,     # $. a* comes j* will come c* would come 4.   ,  =  E . a* will je jack j* would je jack c* is jack 5.  %V ,     $ $. a* would go j* goes c* will go 6. K   ,   . a* are jusy j* were jusy c* have jeen jusy 7.   ,    %  . a* has never jeen j* had never jeen c* was 8.   ,    ;P. a* translates j* translated c* was translating 9.   ,   !E  . a* translates j* translated c* was translating10.   ,   !  $  ! +.a* xust returned j* has xust returned c* had xust returned144$ �!**  �5%$ %  % Past Simple lm yesterday�.Past Perfect}e said that he that lm (the day jeqore, jeqore Present Perfect lm.�Past Perfect lm jeqore she came.�Past Continuouswas readingPast Perfect Continuous}e said that he reading (when she came, qor two hours, jeqore she came*.Present Perfect Continuoushave been readingqor two hours.�Past Perfect Continuoushad been readingjeqore she came.�  +  @  "   +A, V=  !   Future Simple it tomorrow.�Future-in-the-Past}e said that he it the ne~t day.5$ :      +=   $  $EV; $; (      +*:1* ! = % %V ; ?;W2* $  %.% +,     +E  @ $ ! + + $  +  -Y E    %V + ,  ? 0   143!) !  (!** I would je more precise\� fhe detective e~claimed. �It�s the ghost\� �rs. }amilton cried. �I repeat �rs. }amilton, iq you 7* ����������not calm down*, I�ll go jack home to drink my coqqee,� said the detective. �By the way, you don�t jelieve in ghosts, do you, �rs. }amilton|� asked ^etective Smart. �But iq there 8* ��������� (not je* a ghost, who would steal my xewellery twice|� �rs. }amilton stopped crying and looked at ^etective Smart�.   +  $V    - +=,   $ +.   %    ,    +: asked. . " G   +  @    P-P+ +, +   @ -   $!$       += $ PP; + (Past*    % + Future-in- the-Past5%$ %  %   + +  @  + Present SimplePast Simple}e said that he in that Present Continuousam readingnow.�Past Continuous}e said that he was reading  +  @"C  C    +  @142$ �!**  �G. &  L  , @%   &@  ?#. "# 1. It�s cold. 2. I don�t have time qor my hojjy. 3. I�m ill. 4. I can�t play the guitar. 5. I want to eat. 6. I can�t aqqord to juy a car. 7. I live in a small � at. 8. I wear a uniqorm to school. 9. I�m at work on a hot, sunny day.10. I�m tired.I. 5 # "L&#  . 5+ #  , + & $ $ 1�8,  , +&   $-$     ;  . * "- "" "&$  $.fhe phone rang twice. �^etective Smart|� ��es. Speak-ing.� �It�s �rs. }amilton, your neighjor. I wish you 1*���������� (come* at once.� �`q course, jut what�s the matter|� �rs. }amilton said in a weak voice, �I�ll have a heart attack iq you 2* ���������� (not appear* �uickly.� ^etective Smart knew his neighjor very well. �rs. }amilton was a � q-ty-year-old childless widow, sometimes hysterical ajout noth-ing. fhe main interest oq her liqe was gardening. So, ^etective Smart made one more attempt, �I wish you 3*��������� (call up* the police iq your � owers have jeen rooted out.� �I don�t care much ajout my � owers now,� said �rs. }amilton al-most crying.� Iq her answer wasn�t like that, ^etective Smart 4*��������� (not/worry* that much. In � ve minutes he en-tered his neighjor�s house.�rs. }amilton�s qace was pale, her hands were trem-jling. She couldn�t even speak. �I 5* ��������� (not je ajle* to help you iq you don�t stop worrying,� the detective said. �It�s him again, �r. Smart. I saw him ten minutes ago,� said �rs. }amilton at last. �zho�s he| Iq I 6* �������� (je* you, 141!) !  (!** 5. I would manage it iq nojody (disturj* me. 6. Iq my mother (have* time, she�ll jake a cake. 7. Iq he had enough money, he (travel* around the world. 8. Iq they (not study* �erman, they would learn �rench. 9. Iq she (not je* ill, she will go skating.10. Iq you (je* right, you wouldn�t apologi�e.D. 5 # "%.   =;  "% 1. �ou understand the rule until you listen to the teacher careqully. 2. Iq my jrother plays the guitar loudly, I je ajle to sleep. 3. Iq they arrived on time, I worry that much. 4. Iq I won a lottery, I juy a new jicycle. 5. Iq she doesn�t go in qor sports, she je weak and qat. 6. }e je so naughty iq his parents jrought him up in a proper way. 7. nish my presentation iq you don�t help me. 8. Iq they don�t hurry up, they miss their � ight. 9. Iq I were you, I congratulate him on his jirthday this or that way.10. I doyou a qavor ne~t time iq you help me with my homework.* +  5$&'@   $ $A Z _ast �aris.weretaller.'@   $ $A P + Y Z _ast _erfectbnglish when I was youngerY E    %V + ,  ? 140$ �!**  �1. *  & "% " " , -"%  & =+ @  &. 1. }e (qeel* jetter as soon as he (not eat* trash qood. 2. Iq she (work* hard, she (earn* some money qor the xourney to the seaside. 3. Iq you (wear* this xacket today, you (je* cold. 4. (Not open* the door iq someone (ring* the doorjell. 5. Iq you (go* on a diet, you (lose* weight. 6. ze (je* very glad when she (come* jack. 7. }e (spoil* his eyesight iq he (play* computer games too much 8. I (not talk* to you until you (tell* me the truth. 9. fhey (jedisappointed* iq she (not invite* them to her party.10. Iq you (je* late, I (meet* you at the jus stop.2. *  & "%  " , "%  & =+ @  &. 1. }e (write* jetter, iq he (read* more jooks. 2. Iq she (know* the secret, she (never tell* anyone. 3. fhey (help* me iq it (je* necessary. 4. Iq she (have* bnglish practice ajroad, she (speak* jetter. 5. ze (catch* the last jus iq we (leave* at once. 6. }is mother (punish* her iq she (come* late. 7. Iq I (je* you, I (not ask* those silly �uestions 8. She (je* happier iq you (not qorget* to phone her more oqten. 9. I (do* the task iq they (e~plain* it to me more clearly.10. Iq they (not drive* qast, they (avoid* accident.3. *  & "% "  - " , "%  & =+ @  & =-;A# 4$.1. Iq I had more qree time, I (go* qor a walk with my qriend.2. Iq I (not learn* bnglish, I wouldn�t pass my e~am successqully.3. Iq she (je* lucky, she will win the � rst pri�e.4. Iq I (know* his telephone numjer, I would call him up immediately.139!) !  (!** * +  5$&_onditional II (�resent �nreal*      %$$V+$ %- +  %    =-' $   !-� _ast could/might a good xoj, could be happy. more time, more oqten.were (was) _onditional III (�ast �nreal*    P +$   - @-,  +  %  P + $; $ -P *� _ast _erfect,� could/ that could have happy.I didn�t know you were ill. ajout it, I  @ (    *    P +$, $� -� _ast � _ast _erfect� more, failed his e~am last term.more, he such a mess now.Y E    %V + ,  ?    138$ �!**  �9. 5 # . * " "" -;A$   $ =#$    $    "L  " .were married tried disappeared xoined didn�t succeed returned was taught was introducedwas written held rst woman pilot to � y to NustraliaFQnglish, 1903�19D1H]my �ohnson (1* �������� the ondon ]eroplane _luj when she was still a schoolgirl. fhere, she (2* ������������how to service planes and she (3* ������������to a pilot called �im �ollison, who (4* ���������� the record qor a ight to ]ustralia. In 1930, ]my (5* ���������� to jeat his record. She (6* ������������, jut she was still the � rst woman to � y to ]ustralia. zhen she (7* ������������, she and �im �ollison (8* ��������. ]my was very popular and a song (9* ���������ajout her: death is a mystery. ^uring the war, in 1941, she and her aeroplane (10* ������������into the sea.* +  5$&_onditional I (�uture �eal*    %$$V+$   +-@    -� _resent it doesn�t rainto the park.call $ +  @+ I     @ - +, ;   E (*, (  , *, before ( +, *, (  !*, ( ...*, ( + *, (+$ +, *, unless%    !  V +13;!) !  (!** ordinary people still live and work there. fhe most qamous oq the parks is Snowdonia. It 2* ��������� (cover* 840s�uare miles. It�s zales� most pictures�ue countryside. fhe highest mountain range in zales 3* ��������� (situate* in this area, with several peaks over 3,000 qeet. fhe top 4* �������� (reach* jy the Snowdon mountain railway, which is 4.5 miles long. �any people travel to the park each year. ]lot oq outdoor activities 5* ��������� (include* in their rest. zalking, climjing, riding, canoeing always 6*��������� (make* their holidays special. bven more, people camp and live without all the usual comqorts oq home. �ucksacks, sleeping jags usually 7*���������� (take* to the area. `q course, it�s good iq people 8*���������� (prepare* qor such liqe and activities jeqore. bven some recommendations qrom e~perienced instructors 9*����������� (do* a lot oq good to jeginners.8. 5 # . * " "" -;A$   $ =#$    $    "L  " .taught was made came didn�t know toured were caused had were told was oqqered qound}elen {eller (1880�1968* was a successqul ]merican writer, who was deaq and jlind. }elen {eller�s deaqness and jlindness 1* ��������� jy a severe illness when she was a jajy. }er parents 2* ����������� what to do, and they 3*���������� it diq� cult to control their growing daughter. `ne day they 4* ������������ ajout a jrilliant young teacher called ]nne Sullivan.She 5* ������������ to work with }elen and, very rmly and patiently, 6* ���������� her that every ojxect 7*��������� a name. bventually }elen 8* ����������� aplace at university. ]qter this she 9* ���������� the world helping people like herselq.In 1962, the story oq her liqe 10* ����������� into a � lm, The Miracle Worker.136$ �!**  � 6. ]lmost everyjody����� (want* a good jike qor their ne~t jirthday. 7. I����� always (rememjer* our � rst meeting in the 8. Somejody����� (see* jy a watchman near your house at midnight. 9. I����� oqten (tell* not to eat too many sweets.10. fhe children ����� (pick up* qrom school jy their qather tomorrow.I. &#  " &#  [ "+ -; 4$   =+ @.Qnglish as a global languagebnglish 1* ������� (speak* originally in Britain jy the ]nglo-Sa~ons 1500 years ago, jut it 2* ������� (diqqer* a lot qrom the language we 3* �������� (know* today. In qact, we would have great diq� culty understanding `ld bnglish now.Since then, the bnglish language 4* �������� (change* a lot and it 5* �������� (spread* all over the world. It 6* ��������� (speak* as the � rst language in the �{, the �S], ]ustralia, New �ealand, _anada, South ]qrica and the _arrijean, and it 7* ���������� (use* as an oq� cial language in more than 70countries. ] lot oq diqqerent qorms and varieties oq bnglish 8* ��������� (use* not only across the world, jut even within the British Isles. It 9* �������� (teach* as a qoreign language in several countries. �ore and more people 10* ��������� (use* bnglish when travelling and doing jusiness ajroad. It seems that bnglish is jecoming the language oq international communication.7. &#  " &#  [ "+ -; 4$   =+ @.Xhe Yational _ar{s of `alesfhere are three National �arks in zales which cover qth oq the whole country. fhese parks 1* ��������� (protect* jy law jecause oq their national jeauty, jut 13:!) !  (!** 8. �ou are invited to the party. (�W |* 9. fhis �uestion will be discussed tomorrow. (�W |*10. �our letters were sent yesterday. (�W |*D. $ 4$    "%@ " + ?. (  # "%  &&@ $ .Somejody switched oqq The light was switched fhey discuss this problem every day. This problem is discussed by them every day. 1. Nojody asked to sit down. 2. Somejody played a trick on her.. 3. fhey told to wait outside. 4. Nojody invited to the party. 5. �y husjand drove to the airport. 6. Nojody sends any letters. 7. ^id anyjody call the teacher up 8. ^oes anything distress during the e~amination| 9. ze collect owers to dry and make tea qrom them.10. Nojody takes without permission. (()K )$+  ! %;+ !  -       +   P% \5)*(xz  ): %V +  ,  -    @V $P =+   $P =+. G   @V $P =,     %,  +    , $@ ?+  -   +  .G. "+ ; 4$   = $  " $  .1. I ���� never (qorget* your kind words.2. fhese wonderqul pictures ���� (take* jy my qriend last year.3. fhe worst documentary � lm ���� (show* in our cluj a week ago.4. ze ���� (� nd* this article in today�s newspaper very interesting.5. fhe ruins oq this ancient town ���� (discover* in 1966.134$ �!**  �1. 5 #  " "%  # %&, + A % $   &; $ . 1. fhe car has to be repaired as soon as possijle. 2. fhe documents immediately. 3. fhis mistake must be corrected and not repeated. 4. Nothing could be seen in the darkness. 5. �ou qor your rude jehavior. 6. �lowers should be watered jeqore your departure. 7. fhe papers could be sent earlier. 8. }is apology seriously. 9. It may into consideration.10. �ou might be awarded qor your hard work.2. &+  + @ " ; 4$    " $  . 1. b~ams (are/were/will je* taken every �une. 2. fhe shop (is/was/will je* opened ne~t month. 3. �y qather (is/was/will je* invited to school last fuesday. 4. Bread (is/was/will je* made qrom � our. 5. �oscow (is/was/will je* juilt in 1147. 6. In burope _hristmas (is/was/will je* celejrated on the 25th oq ^ecemjer. 7. `ur car (is/was/will je* jought three years ago. 8. fhe poem (is/was/will je* learnt jy heart ne~t week. 9. fhe rooms (are/were/will je* tidied twice a week.10. ]ll the continents (are/were/will je* washed jy the great oceans.3. 5+ # "%  ? &  "-1. fhe child jy an e~otic insect. (�W |*2. fhe �oo will be reconstructed ne~t ]ugust. (�W |*3. fhe luggage is checked at the customs. (�W |*4. Beautiqul souvenirs are sold in the centre oq the city. 5. fhe xoj nished at 3 o�clock. (�W |*6. fhe party was celebrated at home. (�W |*7. I to come on time. (�W |*133!) !  (!** Xense_resent_astWuturePontinuous* am/is/are being &#  5 &#  may/mightmusthave to/has to/had toje toshould/ought tomay/mightmusthave to/has to/had toje toshould/ought to� je � �3Y E    %V + ,  ?    132$ �!**  ��esterday I 5* ��������� (get* a jad mark jecause I 6* ��������� (not/prepare* a plan qor my composition. I 7* ���������� (try* to e~plain the situation jut the teacher 8* ����������� (not/want* to listen. �ust imagine\ I 9* ���������� (write* the plan when my qriend 10* ��������� (call* and 11* ���������� (invite* me to the theatre. _ertainly, I 12* ����������� (agree* jecause I 13* ���������� (not/je* anywhere qor ages.I hope nothing 14* ���������� (happen* tonight. Iq nojody nish* my composition in an hour.'   @:Xense_resent_astWutuream/is/are + V3etters are written every week.was/were + V3fhe letters were written last week.fhe letter will je written ne~t week.131!) !  (!** 22. 5 @ &@ 4$   . ' #- +, "+%% " ; 4$   , +&   $$     ;  .^ear Susan,}i\ I�m on holiday in ondon. I 1* ������������ (stay* with my qriend, �ane. She 2* ����������� (live* in the centre oq ondon, not qar qrom }yde �ark.I 3* ������������ (je* here since Saturday and I 4* ������������ (already/do* lots oq things.`n �onday I 5* ����������� (go* to �adam fussaud�s. It 6* ������������� (je* terrijle. zhen I 7* �������������� (enter* the _hamjer oq }orrors, I nearly 8* ���������� (scream* as I 9* ������������ (never/see* anything like that jeqore.�esterday �ane and I 10* ������������ (go* shopping. I11* ��������� (want* to juy some souvenirs. But while I 12* ����������� (pay* qor a f-shirt, someone 13* ����������� (steal* my jag. uckily, I 14* ����������� (spend/already* nearly all my money and the jag 15* ���������� (je* practically empty.}owever, there 16* ����������� (je* a lot oq things I 17* ���������� (not, do* yet. fomorrow I 18* ��������������� (see* the �illennium ^ome.Iq the weather 19* ������������� (je* � ne tomorrow aqternoon, I 20* ������������ (go* on a joat trip. I hope �ane 21* ����������� (keep* the company.I 22* ������������ (come* jack in a week, so I 23* ����������� (call* you as soon as I 24* ���������� (get* ove,23. 5 @ &@ 4$   . ' #- +, "+%% " ; 4$   , +&   $$     ;  .It�s almost 8 in the evening, and I 1* ��������� (still/do* my homework. I 2* �������� (already/do* �hysics and �aths. Now I 3* ��������� (write* a composition. fo tell the truth, I4* ��������� (not/write* even halq oq it.130$ �!**  �"+ & %"+ 5$& _resent PontinuousJ     %$$V -  ( +    @ fhey are arrivingne~t �onday.tomorrow.ze are having a party ne~t Saturday._resent      +, ?+, -++fhe plane takes at 9 o�clock.fhe � lm at 9.30.21. ' # +, "+%% " ; 4$ & % #% =+A$. 1. I�m very tired. I think I (go* to jed. 2. �ou look great in this dress.� �ou see, I (have* dinner with my joy-qriend tonight. 3. ook out\ �ou (qall*\ 4. Sally, we�ve got no jread leqt.� `{, I (juy* some. 5. �y parents (have* a wedding anniversary party this Sunday. ]ll our relatives (come*. 6. }urry up\ fhe train (arrive* in halq an hour. 7. zhat time (the � lm/start*| 8. et�s stay at home. I�m aqraid it (rain*. 9. �om (arrive* on fuesday and I need to do some cooking.10. }ave you jought the tickets|� Not yet. I (do* it tomorrow.11. }ave you got any plans qor the weekend|� �es, I(visit* my �ranny.12. zhat (you/do* tonight|� I have no idea. I think I(read* a jook.13. I (juy* something qor dinner. ^o you need anything|14. (�ou/help* me please| I can�t � nish the proxect myselq.15. isten\ fhe phone is ringing\� `{, I (get* it.   129!) !  (!** We will have dinner when mother comesI will phone you after I "+ & %"+ 5$& + J   %$$V -    +- to visit her relatives ne~t week. ,  - = (   -+ ?* rain.have a jajy soon.128$ �!**  �- % 4$ 5 A Z will Z q� % 4$ 5 A Z won�t Z q�"Shall\`ill Z ^\we Z q..[`ill Z he\she\it\they Z q..["`j Z will\shall Z " A Z q..[ " ="- A$`ho\`hat Z will Z q..["+ G     ! -  %$$V+,   V  P;  W P,  ++ W  ,    12;!) !  (!** 13. fhe train (leqt* jy the time we (reach* the station.14. fom (je* in love with ^iane qor a long time jeqore he (propose* to her.15. fhe room (look* jeautiqul as she (change* the qurniture and the curtains.19. ' # +, "   &  Past Simple, Past Continuous Past Perfect. 1. By eight o�clock yesterday I (to do* my homework and at eight I (to play* the piano. 2. By si~ o�clock qather (to come* home and at si~ he (to have* dinner. 3. By nine o�clock yesterday grandmother (to wash* the dishes and at nine she (to watch* f�. 4. zhen I (to meet* fom, he (to eat* an ice cream which he (to juy* at the corner oq the street. 5. zhen qather (to come* home, we (to cook* the mushrooms which we (to gather* in the wood. 6. zhen I (to see* ]nn, she (to sort* the � owers which she (to pick* in the � eld. 7. zhen I (to come* home yesterday, I (to see* that my little jrother (to jreak* my mojile and (to play* with its pieces. 8. zhen I (to open* the door oq the classroom, I (to see* that the lesson (already/to jegin* and the pupils (to write* a dictation. 9. zhen I (to come* home, my sister (to read* a jook which she (to jring* qrom the lijrary.10. zhen mother (to come* home, the children (to eat* the soup which she (to cook* in the morning.11. zhen we (to leave* the house it (xust/stop* raining and the sun (to shine*.12. I (to look* out oq the window. fwo people (to shout* at each other. fhey (xust/to have* an accident.13. I (to decide* to have a walk as the weather (to je* great. fhe jirds (to sing* loudly.14. ze (to arrive* at the station. fhe train (not/to come* yet and a lot oq people (to wait* at the platqorm.126$ �!**  � 8. zhere (he/je* now| � }e (je* in the garden. }e (play* volleyjall with his qriends. 9. et�s go qor a walk. fhe weather (je* � ne today. fhe sun (shine* jrightly.10. I can�t � nd fom. I (phone* all his qriends jut nojody (know* where he (je*.11. �ary is a very good girl. She always (help* her mother ajout the house. foday she (already/wash* the � oor and (dust* the qurniture. Now they (cook* dinner together.12. (�ou/� nd* your notejook| � No\ I (still/look* qor it. I (search* every corner jut (not/� nd* any trace oq it.13. �y mother always (juy* this writer�s new jooks. She (collect* all his jooks and now she (read* the latest one.14. (It/stop* raining| � Not yet. bveryjody (walk* with umjrellas.15. Boj (xust/return* qrom �e~ico. }e (go* there every 18. ' # +, "   &  Past Perfect Past Simple 1. zhen I (get* to the cinema, the � lm (already/start*. 2. Suddenly he (reali�e* that he (not/phone* his mother 3. I (put* away the newspaper aqter I (read* it. 4. ]qter she (spend* all her money she (ask* her qather to help her. 5. fhe pupils (do* the work very well aqter the teacher (show* them how to. 6. }e (tell* me that he (see* our qriend the day jeqore. 7. fhey (sell* the house jeqore they (move* to another town. 8. I (go* into the garden to take my jike and (� nd* out that somejody (steal* it. 9. zhen �ohn (meet* �loria at the party he (think* that he (see* her somewhere jeqore.10. zhen I (get* to the station, the train (already/leave*.11. �esterday I (meet* a qriend oq mine I (not/see* qor many years.12. fhe juilders (� nish* the work jy the end oq the day.12:!) !  (!** 1I. ' # +, "   &  Present Perfect  Past Simple. 1. I never (hear* this story qrom my qather. 2. }e (je* a reader oq this maga�ine qor years. 3. }e (je* ill last week, jut now he (recover* 4. I cannot tell you whether I like this jook, as I (not/read* it. 5. �y mother (not/come* home yet. 6. She (already/come* qrom school. Now she is doing her homework. 7. }e is not at school today, he (qall* ill. � zhen (he/qall* ill| � }e (qall* ill yesterday. 8. I cannot give you this jook as I (give* it to ]nn. � zhen (you/give* it to her| 9. fhe child (je* �uite all right qor the last two weeks.10. It is cold today. fhe weather (change* since yesterday.11. �ou (ever/visit* this picture gallery|12. I (lose* my te~tjook and cannot rememjer when I last (see* it.13. I (not/come* to you yesterday jecause I (je* very jusy.14. zhen (you/write* a letter to your qriend|15. }ow many jooks (you/read* this week|17. ' # +, "   &  $  -Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect1. I (live* in St. �etersjurg. I ( live* in St. �etersjurg since 2. fhis is the qactory where my qather (work*. }e (work* here qor � qteen years.3. It is diq� cult qor me to speak ajout this opera as I (not/hear* it.4. I (xust/receive* a letter qrom my granny, jut I (not/receive* any letters qrom my parents yet.5. bvery day I (wind* up my watch at 10 o�clock in the evening.6. zhere (your gloves/je*| � I (put* them into my pocket.7. I (go* to give that cat some qood. I (je* sure it (starve*.� But �ane (qeed* the cat. �ou needn�t do it.124$ �!**  �_resent _erfect_ast _erfect"+- , P=   + $ !-+. ,  @-P  - +   V ++ ( - ,   $-% E  _ontinuous*  -  !  $- ++ P +    $   -;&  bver, never, xust, already, yet, recently, lately, jeqore, so qar, always, it�s rst time, today, this week (month*, since, qor, how longBy 2 o�clock yesterday, jy the 1G. ' # +, "   &  Present Perfect  Past Simple. 1. I (not/� nish* my homework yet. 2. fhe rain (stop* jut a cold wind is still jlowing. 3. ze (go* to jed very early last night jecause we (je* tired. 4. fhey (move* to ondon two years ago. 5. She (not/visit* me since fuesday. 6. I (xust/see* a very interesting programme on f�. 7. aura (never/je* to �rance. 8. zhat jooks (you/read* when you (live* in the country| 9. I (not/je* to a disco qor months.10. �y little sister (not/learn* to read yet.11. ) (never/je* to �ermany.12. (�ou/jook* tickets| � �es, I (jook* them several days ago.13. �y mother (go* to the country a month ago.14. }is jrother (not/go* to school yesterday.15. zhere (you/je* last night|   123!) !  (!** oq mine living not qar qrom my house. zhile I 6* ������� (walk* home, I 7* ������ (not/notice* a stone on the path. ]s a result I 8* ������ (qall* down and 9* �������� (sprain* my ankle. So, this week I 10* �������� (stay* home.So, at last you 11* ������ (manage* to � nd that jook ajout Italian music you 12* ������ (want* to get\ By the way, I have some cassettes you can jorrow iq you 13* ������ (want*. }arry 14* ������� (give* them jack to me three days ago.�lease, write again soon and send a good detective story qor my jrother. }e 15* ������ (spend* a lot oq time with his qriends jut it oqten 16* �������� (rain* this summer and he 17* ������ (get* jored very �uickly.ots oq love,_resent _erfect_ast _erfect-4$ I/ze/�ou/fhey � have Z 4$ I/ze/�ou/fhey � have "jave Z I/we/you/they � he/she/it � &# "`j Z have Z I/we/you/they � he/she/it � " =" -`ho\`hat Z has Z q3`ho\`hat Z 122$ �!**  � 9. It (to rain* the whole day yesterday.10. }e (to qall* down and (to jreak* his leg while he (to play* qootjall.11. fhe joy (to work* at his qather�s qactory, (to go* to the ]rt Institute in {ansas _ity and many years later he (to qound* his own cartoon company. fhe joy (to je* zalt ^isney.12. ]t this time yesterday I (to lie* on the soqa and (to read* a novel.13. (�ou/to je* in �ome in 2001| zhat (you/to do* there|14. She (to look* great in her jlue velvet dress. She (also/to wear* her mother�s diamonds.15. fhe joys (not/to want* to go shopping as they (to watch* the qootjall match on f�.Past Simple  Past Continuous[ 5    =+ @ =" ; 4$.ast night Boj�s qather 1* ������ (read* a jook in the living room when suddenly he 2* ������� (hear* something outside the house. }e 3* ������ (open* the window and 4* ������ (look* out. It 5* ������ (je* very dark and at rst he 6* ������� (not/can* see anything. But while he 7* ������ (close* the window, he 8* ������ (notice* a man. fhe man 9* ������ (try* to climj over the garden wall. zhen he 10* ������ (see* Boj�s qather at the window, he 11* ������� (xump* oqq the wall and 12* ������ (try* to escape. Boj�s qather 13* ������ (run* aqter him. fhere 14* ������� (je* a qew cars at the end oq the street. �ust as the thieq 15* ������ (get* into one oq them, Boj�s qather 16* ������� (catch* him.1D. 5    =+ @ =  &L@ 4$ Present Simple Present Continuous Past SimplePast ^ear ]nn,fhank you qor your nice letter which I 1* ����� (get* yesterday.I 2* ����� (jegin* to qeel much jetter now, though my leg still 3* ����� (hurt* a jit iq I 4* ������ (walk* too much. ]s you know, last weekend I 5* ������ (decide* to visit some qriends !) !  (!** 4. zhen fom (cross* the street, he (qall*. 5. zhen we (walk* ajout in the qorest, we (see* a hare. 6. zhen I (wash* the � oor, I (� nd* my old toy under the soqa. 7. zhen I (play* in the yard, I suddenly (see* my old 8. zhen Nick (come* home, his jrother (play* with his toys. 9. zhen I (see* my qriends, they (play* qootjall.10. zhen I (open* the door, the cat (sit* on the tajle.11. zhen granny (read* a jook on the soqa, she (qall* 12. Sylvia (make* her jreakqast when the doorjell (ring*.13. fhe police oq� cer (see* the accident when he (drive* to work.14. �y sister (sing* while she (do* her homework.15. �y jrother (drink* coqqee while he (do* his homework.Past Simple  Past Continuous[ 5     + @  " ; 4$.1. zhat (you/to do* at � ve o�clock yesterday| � I (to work* in the lijrary. � I (to je* there, too, jut I (not to see* you.2. Nina (to celejrate* her jirthday yesterday. }er room looked jeautiqul, there (to je* many � owers in it. zhen I (to come* in, somejody (to play* the piano, two or three pairs (to dance*.3. zhen I (to come* home yesterday, I (to see* that all my qamily (to sit* round the tajle. �ather (to read* a letter qrom my uncle.4. I (to see* my qriend in the street yesterday, jut he (to run* qor a jus and he (not to have* time to speak to me.5. ze (to have* a postcard qrom them two days ago. fhey (to say* they (to have* a marvellous time.6. zhere (you/to je* yesterday| � I (to je* at home the whole day. � }ow strange. I (to ring* you up at two o�clock, jut nojody (to answer*. � `h, I (to je* in the garden. I (to read* your jook and (not to hear* the telephone.7. zhen I (to look* out oq the window, it (to rain* heavily and people (to hurry* along the streets. 8. �esterday I (to work* at my bnglish qrom � ve till seven.120$ �!**  �8. ( "C ;  ; 4$  .1. drop 6. go 11. play2. try 7. get 12. juy y 8. teach 13. catch4. come 9. plan 14. cry5. drive 10. win 15. jring9. ( "C ;  ; 4$  .1. tell 6. understand 11. jreak2. speak 7. stop 12. draw3. juild 8. make 13. qall4. qorget 9. sleep 14. qeel5. know 10. jegin 15. drinkPast Simple  Past Continuous[ 5     + @  " ; 4$. 1. �r and �rs Smith (� y* to Italy yesterday. 2. Nothing happened when I (switch on* the computer. 3. �oe (run* into the room while I (study*. 4. It (jegin* to snow while we (play* qootjall. 5. }e (walk* into the kitchen and (sit* down. 6. It (start* to rain while I (walk* to the park. 7. �uki (listen* to the radio when the phone (ring*. 8. fhe children (go* the cinema last night. 9. �r. �ones (� nd* some money when he (clean* the cupjoards.10. _hris (eat* spaghetti every day last week.11. zhile I (do* my homework, I (have* a good idea.12. zhen the dog (jite* aura�s leg, she (scream*.13. ze (eat* some sandwiches and then (drink* some _ola.14. I (see* Sally yesterday. She (wait* qor the jus.15. ze (play* golq when it (start* to rain.Past Simple  Past Continuous[ 5     + @  " ; 4$.1. zhen I (come* home, my little sister (sleep*.2. zhen mother (come* home, the children (play* on the carpet.3. zhen I (come* to my qriend�s place, he (watch* f�.119!) !  (!** _ast Simple_ast Pontinuous"+-   EV  P + -  -D  !   - ,  -;P - + -P  P + ,  -;P - P +.  !  ,  +  P  $ D  !  -P +.;&  �esterday, the day jeqore yesterday, last week (month, year*, a week (two days, three months* ago, in 1984, once, ]t 3 o�clock yesterday, at this time yesterday, while, still, qrom 6 to 7 yesterday, the whole evening yesterday1. D%    walk� walked open� 2. D     cry� cried try� 3. $   + 4. '         $ : 118$ �!**  �(own* a small qarm. `n weekdays I 4* ������ (catch* a jus to Brighton to go to language classes. �y qriends 5* ������ (say* that I 6* ������ (make* progress though I still 7* �������� (not/understand* everything.]t weekends I 8* ������� (help* on the qarm. Sometimes it�s �uite hard work, jut I 9* ������ (like* it. ]nd I 10* ������� (develop* some strong muscles\By the way, fom 11* ������ (come* to visit me at _hristmas. �ayje you�ll xoin us. But rememjer to take warm clothes. It usually 12* ������ (je* very cold here in winter.ove,�aul_ast Simple_ast Pontinuous-4$ was Z qingze/�ou/fhey were Z qing4$ was not Z qingze/�ou/fhey were not Z qing"`as Z I/he/she/it � qing`ere Z we/you/they � qing&# "`j Z was Zit � qing`j Zwere�we/you/they� qing " =" -`ho\`hat Z q2`ho\`hat Z was Z qing11;!) !  (!** 8. I (think* he will je ajle to do it. 9. Be �uiet, please\ I (think* ajout this projlem.10. I (not/think* he will invite you to the party.11. It (not/rain* now. It (not/rain* in �uly.12. Simon (take* driving lessons as he is going to juy a car.13. (�ou/know* his telephone numjer|14. _an I call you jack later| I (have* lunch at the moment.15. zhen (he/go* to fhailand|16. zhere (your sister/to je* now| � She (to je* in her room. She (to do* her homework.17. isten\ Somejody (to play* the piano.Present Simple  Present Continuous[ 5    =+ @ =" ; 4$.I 1* ������ (write* to let you know that I really 2* ������� (like* your new wejsite. I 3* ������ (think* oq creating my own site jut I 4* �������� (not know* how to do it. �y elder jrother, who 5* ���������� (know* a lot ajout computers, has too little time to help me. �ust imagine� he 6* ����������� (always study*\So, can you help me a jit| I 7* ����������� (hope* that zhat 9* �������� (you/plan* to do this Sunday| In the morning �om and I 10* ������� (go* shopping� she 11* ��������� (want* to juy a new coat� jut I 12* ��������� (jelieve* we�ll je jack at around 2 pm. Iq you are qree, mayje you can come to my house. I 13* ���������� (live* at 23 �reen Street.}ope to hear qrom you soon,{atePresent Simple  Present Continuous[ 5    =+ @ =" ; 4$.^ear _arrie,I 1* �������� (have* a great time here in bngland. I 2* ������� (stay* with some bnglish qriends who 3* ������� 116$ �!**  � 7. I (not to walk* to work every morning. 8. ]nn (not to read* a lot. 9. bveryjody in my class (to like* �b lessons.10. fom (to smoke* a lot jut he (not to smoke* jeqore jreakqast.11. fhey (not to work* more than si~ hours a day.12. �y little sister (to cry* so oqten\13. }e always (to invite* his qriends to his jirthday party.14. fhe shops in bngland (to open* at 9 o�clock in the 15. �y mother (to wash* all the dirty clothes.D. ' # +, "   &  Present 1. I (read* a very good maga�ine at the moment. 2. �oe and �on (play* qootjall. 3. fhe police oq� cer (talk* to us. 4. I (make* a cup oq coqqee. 5. ze (study* qor our tests. 6. ots oq people (listen* the radio at the moment. 7. �ou (stand* on my qoot\ 8. }urry up\ fhe jus (leave*. 9. I (sit* on the soqa.10. ook\ �reddy (carry* two jaskets.11. zhy (you/cry*|12. fhe joys (run* at the stadium now.13. �ary can�t talk to you now. She (have* a shower.14. �y parents (stay* at their qriends� place this week.15. et�s go, it (get* dark.G. ' # +, "   &  Present SimplePresent Continuous1. }e (do* his homework at the moment.2. }e (do* his homework in the evening.3. ze (go* to the park aqter classes.4. ze (go* to the park at the moment.5. I think she (cry*. � I am sure she is. She oqten (cry*.6. I (talk* to you\ �ou must listen to me\7. ze (plan* our voyage ne~t week.11:!) !  (!**  &love, like, dislike, hate, want, wish, qear, mind, preqer & +  %have (+!*, possess, jelong, own, involve, consist & Clook ( !*, seem, appear, resemjle  &je, need, cost2. "C  %   FH  $,   1. ) usually go��� to school jy jus. 2. She like��� milk and drink� it every evening. 3. �y qather oqten watch��� f� in the evening. 4. �y jrother and I play��� tennis on Sundays. 5. �y elder jrother play��� qootjall �uite well. 6. �y sister sing��� very well. 7. She wash��� her qace and hands in the morning and in the evening. 8. I usually drink��� tea qor jreakqast. 9. �ane do��� her bnglish e~ercises aqter school.10. �eter usually drive��� a car to work.11. fina sometimes miss��� the jus to school.12. �im and }elen oqten go��� to the theatre.13. �ou never � nish��� your homework\14. It oqten rain��� in autumn in my country.15. ]ll the juses leave��� qrom this jus-stop.3. ' # +, "   &  Present Simple1. She (to go* to the institute in the morning.2. She (to do* her morning e~ercises every day.3. �or jreakqast she (to have* two eggs, a sandwich and acup oq tea.4. It (to take* her an hour and a halq to do her homework.5. }er qriends usually (to call* her at ajout 8 o�clock.6. �y working day (to jegin* at seven o�clock.   114$ �!**  �_resent Simple_resent Pontinuous"+-    -+ $ ,  V;  %$$- ,  -  %$$V;&  `qten, usually, sometimes, every (day, week, year*, seldom, rarely, never, always, as a rule, hardly ever, on Sundays (�ondays*Now, right now, at the moment, at present, still, ook\ isten\5 " -  $� %   D  --ch,-sh,-x,-z%   -go� goes, wash� washes, dress� dresses.D     %$ (-ies*: study� studies   $� %   -ing.$   + write� writing.'     $     $-put� putting.lyingW die� dying & "%%see, hear, smell, qeel, taste, sound & %know, jelieve, understand, qorget, rememjer, e~pect, doujt, recogni�e, hope, think ( !,  !*    113!) !  (!** _resent Simple_resent Pontinuous-4$ I/ze/�ou/fheyam Z qingis Z qingze/�ou/fhey are Z qing4$ I/ze/�ou/fheydoesn�t am not Z qingqingze/�ou/fhey are not Z qing"I/ze/�ou/fheyMoes Z I � �ing|he/she/it � �ing|Nre Z we/you/they � �ing|&# "I/we/you/they`j Z does Zit � Z qing he/she/it qing`j Zare�we/you/they� qing " =" -`ho\`hat Z qs`ho\`hat Z is Z qing"+-%V  ?.F  -D  $-A (  , -  $% E- ,  -;V  ++.� +   D  -EV -112$ �!**  �_resent _ast Wuture q\qsI write letters to my mother every month.She writes to me every week.qed\q2I wrote two letters yesterday.I will write this letter tomorrow.Pontinuous am Fis, areH Z I am writing a letter at themoment.�y mother is cooking dinner.was FwereH Z I was writing a letter to my At 5 o�clock I�ll !) !  (!** _resent _ast Wuture +A# "javeMoes theygothavegothavehaveShall\`ill I/we� have`ill she/it/you/they� have."`j have`j does theygothavegothavehaveI/we� have�he/she/it/you/they� have. " =" A$zho/zhat has got\zhat zho/zhat will have..5$ : $ ; @;   -%$ % !  + !   , +   Present Simple   110$ �!**  �1.     =# 4$.�onald �rank 1* ���� a managing director oq the Bank in �ain Street. }e 2* ����� always on jusiness trip. �esterday he and his secretary 3* ����� in �eneva. fomorrow he 4* ����� in ondon. ast week he 5* ����� in _hicago. Ne~t week he 6* ����� in Boston. ]t the moment he 7* ����� in ]msterdam. In three hours he 8* ������ in the }ague. ]t the end oq each trip he 9* ������ usually very tired jut happy. }e 10* ���� (not* oqten with his qamily so when he returns, his sons 11* ����� very e~cited and everyjody 12* ����� very glad to see him at home again.% +,  ?+ $%    !  V+ +._resent _ast Wuture  % 4$ �oufheyhave got k havehas got k haswill have4$ �oufheyhave not got k do not havehas not got k do not havenot havehave109!) !  (!** to be      SimpleB$ _resent _ast SimpleWuture -4$ ze/�ou/fhey arewasze/�ou/fhey wereI/ze will be�ou/fhey will be4$ ze/�ou/fhey are notwas notze/�ou/fhey were notI/ze will not be�ou/fhey will not be"it...|Nre we/you/they...|`as she/it...|`ere we/you/they..|I/we `ill it/you/they &# "it...|`j are we/you/they...|`j was he/she/it...|`j were we/you/they..|we she/it/you/they " =" -`hat is`ho\`hat was A !;  @;   $% E  -@= ( V=* ?+: aren�t ..108$ �!**  �fhe 5* ��������� thing was the sightseeing. I saw some oq the 6* �������� places in the world.fhe only jad thing was the weather. zhile I was in New �ork, the city had one oq the 7* ��������� winters and the 8* �������� snowstorms in several years.I would have jeen much 9* �������� iq the weather had jeen 10* ���������.b�_IfIN��``^10. 5 #  ="+ # "  & = %,  "  &   &$ + $ =? ,  , +&   $$    - ;  . * " "" "&$ - $.^ear Susie,fhank you so much qor letting me stay with you in �reece last month. It was the 1* ��������� holiday I�ve ever had and it was 2* �������� qun than last year�s in �rance.I think that people in �reece are much 3* ��������� than the �rench and they are 4* ��������� to communicate with. I met some people speaking good bnglish and now I speak much 5* �������� myselq. I even learnt some �reek jut Istill � nd it 6* ���������� than other languages I tried.fhe weather was much 7* ��������� than in bngland where we�ve had the 8* �������� summer in ten years.I liked �reece so much that I think I could live there 9* �������� than anywhere else in the world. It�s really one oq the ove,�``^��IbN^�b]S��``^^I��I_�fz]��}]��I�Bb]�fI��10;!) !  (!** 14. ze were ajsolutely (e~hausting/e~hausted* aqter such a long walk.15. I always qeel (joring/jored* jy horror � lms, though some people � nd them (e~citing/e~cited*.8. &+ "  "     . 1. It is (pretty/prettily* diq� cult to talk to her. 2. I had to work (hard/hardly* to get everything I have got now. 3. �nqortunately you�ve come too (late/lately*. 4. }is suggestion seemed (high/highly* unacceptajle to 5. fhe plane � ew very (high/highly*, we could (hard/hardly* see it. 6. }e lives �uite (near/nearly*. 7. ze have seen very little oq you (late/lately*. 8. She is always (pretty/prettily* dressed. 9. It was diq� cult to walk aqter the rain and I (near/nearly* qell down.10. She was (jad/jadly* hurt and was taken to hospital.11. }ave you jought anything new (late/lately*|12. She is a (high/highly* proqessional nurse.13. ze (hard/hardly* knew what to do ne~t.14. Be carequl\ �ou (near/nearly* crashed into that cyclist.15. I think he is a (pretty/prettily* good singer.9. 5 #  ="+ # "  &,  "  &   &$ + $ =? ,  , +&   $$     ;  . * " "" "&$  $.fhe 1* ��������� oq all the cities I have ever visited was New �ork. It was the 2* ��������� place I have ever jeen to. fhe juildings are 3* ��������� than those in any other city and the streets are the 4* ��������� streets in the world.INfb�bSfIN��``^f]B�S�106$ �!**  � 9. b~ams are the most (qrightening/qrightened* thing qor me.10. fhis new tall juilding is really (qascinating/qascinated*.11. }ave you seen �ane recently| She qeels a jit (depressing/depressed*.12. I have never qound myselq in such an (emjarrassing/emjarrassed* situation.13. et�s invite Boj. }e is very (amusing/amused*.14. She is not (satisqying/satis� ed* with her xoj.15. It was a very (tiring/tired* xourney.7. &+ " ; 4$ "  . 1. ze were all (horriqying/horri� ed* when we heard ajout the disaster. 2. It�s sometimes (emjarrassing/emjarrassed* when you have to ask people qor money. 3. ]re you (interesting/interested* in qootjall| 4. I enxoyed the qootjall match. It was �uite (e~citing/e~cited*. 5. It was a really (terriqying/terri� ed* e~perience. bveryjody was very (shocking/shocked*. 6. I had never e~pected to je oqqered the xoj. I was really (ama�ing/ama�ed* when I was oqqered it. 7. fhe kitchen hadn�t jeen cleaned qor ages. It was really (disgusting/disgusted*. 8. It�s jeen raining all day. I hate this (depressing/depressed* weather. 9. ]nn is (e~citing/e~cited* ajout going to ]merica ne~t month. She has never jeen there.10. ^iana teaches young children. It�s really an (e~hausting/e~hausted* xoj.11. }e�s one oq the most (joring/jored* people I�ve ever met. }e never stops talking and never says anything (interesting/interested*.12. I was (astonishing/astonished* when I heard they were getting divorced. fhey had always seemed so happy together.13. I�m starting a new xoj ne~t week. I hope it will je (e~citing/e~cited*.10:!) !  (!** 14. She tried on two dresses and chose the (smart* one.15. She is one oq the (pretty* girls I have ever seen.G. ' # +, "   %  # 4$. 1. fhe train was going (qast* and (qast*. 2. fhere are (many* customers on Saturdays than on weekdays. 3. She plays tennis much (jadly* than her sister. 4. �ost people live (well* than their parents used to live. 5. }e drives the car (careqully* than his jrother. 6. fhe joss likes my plan (well* oq the two. 7. I could � nd the place (easily* iq I had a map. 8. fo get to �oscow jy nine we can�t leave (late* than seven. 9. �ojjeries are happening (qre�uently* nowadays than jeqore.10. fhe (early* you come, the (�uickly* we � nish the work.11. ^ictations are something I like (little* oq all.12. }e writes grammar tests (well* oq all in our group.13. �ou should work (hard* iq you want to succeed.14. _ould you talk (slowly*, please|15. Nojody in the class studies (well* than ]nn.I. &+ " ; 4$ "  .1. I didn�t think you were (interesting/interested* in ancient history.2. �ou look (worrying/worried*. zhat has happened|3. Iq you qeel (joring/jored*, why don�t we go to the 4. zas your qather (annoying/annoyed* when he learnt ajout your qailure|5. I � nd going round art galleries and museums very (tiring/tired*.6. _hildren can�t qall asleep on _hristmas bve, they are too (e~citing/e~cited*.7. fhe f� show was so (joring/jored* that I qell asleep.8. `q course it was a (surprising/surprised* decision, jut that was the only way out.104$ �!**  �3. ' # +, "  "  &  -# 4$. 1. zhich is (deep*, ake �ichigan or ake Superior| 2. I like all my qriends jut I think {ate is (easy* to talk to. 3. ]re e~pensive things much (good* than cheap things| 4. I am sure my dog is the (clever* in my district. 5. fhe (deep* part oq the �aci� c `cean is 11 kilometres jelow the sea level. 6. �ejruary is the (snowy* and the (cold* month oq the year here. 7. �y (old* sister is 5 years (old* than me. 8. }e has made (qew* mistakes than yesterday. 9. fhis man is the (important* oq all I know.10. zhat is the (precious* stone in the world|11. bverything is getting (e~pensive* these days.12. It�s the (interesting* sujxect I�ve studied in recent 13. fhis is where ^ali painted some oq his (qamous* pictures.14. fo tell the truth, �aul is not one oq my (good* qriends.15. fowns are much (noisy* than villages.D. ' # +, "  "  &  -# 4$. 1. It is much (hot* in Italy than in �ussia. 2. It was the (jad* moment in my liqe. 3. }e is one oq the (stupid* people I have ever seen. 4. fyphoons are (qre�uent* in ]sia than in burope. 5. fhe world�s (jad* nuclear disaster took place in 1986. 6. fhis year things are (good* than last year. 7. fhere is nothing (pleasant* in cold weather than a cup oq hot tea. 8. }e was the (energetic* oq qour jrothers. 9. �ou should contact �r Brown qor (qar* inqormation.10. In her childhood ]nn used to je (happy* than she is now.11. Nowadays a good xoj is jecoming (hard* to � nd.12. fhe Beatles were the (successqul* pop group ever.13. }e is ten years (old* than his wiqe.103!) !  (!** ( 5$&hard� $  , $ hardly� ,  - �ou�ll have to work hard to pass your e~am.hardly jelieve it.late� lately� ,   +^on�t get up so I haven�t seen him pretty�  ,  !prettily�  102$ �!**  �bored with her xoj.I was with the lm.ze were excited jy the result oq the game.�ane�s xoj is very I qound the � lm very fhe game was very exciting.""&  #5- -5@-), V  ?- !+qasthardlateearlyqewqasterharderlaterearlierqewerqastesthardestlatestearliestqewest), %- $??-slowlycarequllyseriouslymore/less slowlymore/less carequllymore/less seriouslymost/least slowlymost/least carequllymost/least seriously# @- oqtenmore/less oqtenmore/less most/least oqtenmost/least &  E welljadlymany/muchlittlejetterworsemorejestworstmostleast( 5$&jadly�  ;jadly� ! �ou write so    101!) !  (!** "  -"% =& %$D @-�  @ ...  fom.'-D  !  @ +A !    - D  !  @ ; $ +     , !100$ �!**  �""& "  -+- " -5- -5@-$ @-cleverclevercleverest  ! $ @- @activejeautiqulmore activemore more jeautiqul(the* most active(the* most (the* most jeautiqulgoodjadlittlejetterworse(the* jest(the* worst(the* leastqarqarther/qurther qurther -(the* oldest ( *(the* eldest qarthest/qurthest qurthest    !) !  (!** 7. ^o e~ercise on page 23. ^o e~ercise on the ����������� page. 8. �nit 8 is very diq� cult. fhe �������� �nit is very diq� cult. 9. zhere is house 19| zhere is the ��������� house|10. �ead page 99 again. �ead the ����������� page again.""& "  -+- " -5- -5@- @-shortshort$E   $E � $ -  $E'  -$- ger(the* qattestdestgest% - larglargestest(the* largest$ @-   $E $ iestiest$ �!**  �-5%& -5%& 9� nine9th� ninth hundredhundredth 10� ten 10th� tenth eleven eleventh twelve twelqth thirteen thirteenth hundred and 101st� one hundred and rstqourteen qourteenth qteen qteenth 210� two hundred and ten210th� two hundred and tenthsi~teen si~teenth seventeen seventeenth eighteen eighteenth nineteen nineteenth 1.   "%& &,  "  @ - $.1. `pen page 22. `pen the ��������� page.2. �y � at is numjer 3. I live in the ������� � at.3. ook at picture 1. ook at the �������� picture.4. I was jorn on �ay 31. I was jorn on the ������ oq �ay.5. }e lives on � oor 13. }e lives on the �������� � oor.6. I didn�t like chapter 11. I didn�t like the ��������� chapter.   !) !  (!** 9. 5 #  ="+ # $$%,  "-  &   &$ + $ =? ,  , +&   $$     ;  . * " "" "&$  $.zhile I was jaking some cakes on Sunday, the phone rang. It was a qriend oq 1* ������ whom I hadn�t seen qor years.She had 2* ������ to tell me ajout 3* ����� xourney to Spain. ^uring 4* ����� conversation I noticed that the room had lled with smoke. I rushed to the kitchen and opened the oven to check the cakes. �ractically all oq 5* ����� were jlack.�nqortunately 6* ����� kinds oq accidents happen to 7* ���� qrom time to time. Besides, I cut 8* ����� �uite oqten.But 9* ���� can make me stop cooking. -5%& -5%& 1� one 1st� � rst 20� twenty twentieth 2� two2nd� second30� thirty thirtieth 3� three3rd� third 40� qorty qortieth 4� qour 4th� qourth 50� � qty 50th� � qtieth ve 5th� � qth 60� si~ty si~tieth 6� si~6th� si~th 70� seventy seventieth 7� seven seventh 80� eighty eightieth 8� eight8th� eighth 90� ninety ninetieth $ �!**  � 7. ���� has jroken the window. I don�t know who. 8. fhere are ���� jooks on this desk, jut there are ���� e~ercise jooks. 9. �zhat�s wrong|� �fhere�s ����� in my eye.�10. �^o you know ���� in ondon|� ��es, I�ve got a qew qriends there.�11. �zhat�s in that jo~|� �����. It�s empty.�12. }ere are ���� jooks jy bnglish writers. fake ���� jook you like.13. �zhat shall I do now, �om| I have done my homework.� ��ou can do ���� you like.�14. }ave you got ���� jooks on ^ickens| I want to read ���� ajout him.15. �_an ���� tell me how to get to the �ujlic ijrary|� ��es, take ���� jus that goes qrom here.�8.   ="" & $$% alot of, many, much, few, a few, little, a little.fhese days 1* ������ people are learning to use computers. �ery 2* ������� oq them have to do it jecause oq their work, some xust want to play games and only 3* ������ people are really interested in computing. fhese days you don�t need 4* �������� money to juy a computer and oqten xust 5* ������ knowledge is re�uired to use one. fhere are so 6* ������� diqqerent ways oq using computers, such as letter writing and keeping accounts. But the main projlem is that people start spending too 7* �������� time sitting at the computer and too 8* ������ time doing sports. Not 9* ������ people now are qond oq reading traditional paper jooks. fhey oqten preqer to download at least 10* �������� electronic jooks to read on their way to work.!) !  (!** G.   " ; 4$    $- 1. isten to ���� song. �ou�ll enxoy it. 2. zho is ����� over there| 3. et�s meet one oq ������ days. 4. I�d like to thank ����� people who helped me yesterday. 5. I�ll never qorget ���� morning when it all happened. 6. ^o you rememjer ����� days when we were happy| 7. ^o you think ����� trousers suit me| 8. _ould you show me ����� jook on the upper shelq| 9. et�s call ������ children playing in the garden.10. fake ����� kids out oq here.I.   $$% 1. }ave you got ����� bnglish jooks at home|� �es, Ihave �����. 2. fhere are ������� jeautiqul pictures in the maga�ine. ook at them. 3. fhere is ����� ink in my pen: I cannot write. 4. I haven�t got ����� e~ercise jooks. �ive me �����, 5. �ou can occupy ���� room you like. 6. fhere are ��� people in the park jecause it is cold. 7. I saw ������ joys in the garden, jut �ike was not 8. fhere are ���� mistakes in your test.� �istakes| 9. I�ve xust jaked ���� cookies. zould you like ����|10. here is ����� xuice leqt. _ould I have ���� more|7.   $$%  @ "&.1. I can see ����� on the snow, jut I don�t know what it is.2. I didn�t eat ����� jecause I wasn�t hungry.3. �^id he say ����� ajout it|� �No, he said ����.�4. Is there ���� here who knows this man|jut I didn�t understand it.6. I went to the shop jut I didn�t juy ����.$ �!**  � 8. fhis jook is very old. ���� pages are yellow. 9. ze usually go to the country with some qriends 10. }e has a jad memory. }e can�t rememjer even ���� own phone numjer\3. &+ " ; 4$ "%  $- 1. (�ine, my* task is easier than (your, yours*. 2. It is not (their, theirs* house. (fheir, fheirs* is jigger. 3. ]re (your, yours* hands warm| (�ine, �y* are �uite 4. (�y, �ine* keys are in the pocket. zhere are (your, 5. �eet �r. Bean. }e is a qriend oq (our, ours*. 6. zhose keys are these| ]re they (your, yours*|� No, they are not (my, mine*. 7. _an we use (your, yours* telephone| (`ur, `urs* is out oq order. 8. I told her (my, mine* liqe story and she told me (her, 9. zill you check (my, mine* paper and I shall check (your, yours* test|10. Now we are going to open (our, ours* presents, and then we shall look at (their, theirs*.D.    & $$%. 1. I opened the door and qound���qacing a stranger. 2. �o and see it qor���iq you like. 3. zould you mind keeping your words to ���, Boj| 4. ze protect���qrom the cold with warm things. 5. She jurnt ���ironing a dress. 6. ^on�t jlame���, joys. It is not your qault. 7. fhey have nojody to thank jut �����. 8. She dried���with a jlue towel. 9. ze soon understood that we had lost �����.10. Soon I qound ������ in a strange place.!) !  (!** fell me a few words ajout fhis work is jetter, you�ve made xust a few mistakes.fhere is jread, xust enough qor jreakqast.I�ve got money, enough to juy this jook.1. D   $% E   ! + - much  +    @. much few    -E ?$AE  %$E   ( +. �' !  �*.1.   & $$%. 1. �y qriend �ike lives in `~qord. fhis is a letter qrom �����. 2. fhe children are hungry. �ive ���� something. 3. ze are thirsty. _an you give ���� some xuice| 4. I don�t know this woman. ^o you know �����| 5. I never drink milk. I don�t like ����. 6. fhese � owers are qor my sister. _an you give ���� to ���| 7. I need some help. �lease, help ����. 8. I have xust seen a mouse. }ave you seen ���| 9. �eg is talking to you\ isten to ���\10. fhe scissors are very sharp. Be carequl with ����.2. * " "" "% &$ $$-%$ =# 4$.1. zinter is coming. I like ���� jeauty.2. I wash ���� hair twice a week.3. _an you lend me a pen| I�ve lost �����.4. Some girls are not happy with ���� looks.5. ]re you happy with ���� success, ]nn|6. fhere is a mouse under the tajle. I can see ���� tail.7. �y qriend and I like iterature. It�s ����� qavourite sujxect.   $ �!**  �"+%;%5$& everywhere  @; E% �ou can�t know I know in my 5$ : * $ !;  @; work to do jut he has to help him.  ; A !-;  @;}ave you got jooks|ze don�t have �ou�ve got jooks\I�ve made mistakes.fhere are to je done.much  ; A !-;  @;Is there much work to do|fhere isn�t much snow this year.fhere is so much snow this winter\ze�ve got too much work to ze really have very muchwork.few}e�s got few qriends, that�s too jad.fhere is jread leqt. I�ll go to the jaker�s.a few   !) !  (!** some, any, no, every   " "+%;%5$& $ �!**  �  * 5$& (  -fhat�s the person I gave the money.]ll my classmates the teacher asked to come were present.which (zhere is the jook which I took qrom the lijrary| (, &, -fhis is the man lives nearjy.fhis is the jook jought yesterday.fhe camp I go to every summer is at the sea coast.fhe woman jag was stolen called the police.I don�t rememjer the day rst came to school.wherefhis is the hotel whereI stayed last summer. +$_an you e~plain the reason you are late|   !) !  (!** "- jook is this|Where$ Where are my glasses|Where did you go last Sunday|Where� from$ Wherefrom did you do it ' ! (  - languages does he speak| jrothers have you got|much' ! ( &-much jread do you much' !  is your sister|&  !$E     !;   @-=;  @;.  * 5$& $fhis is my qriend always helps me.   $ �!**  �&  !$E        !  - "-  (& knows the rule| called me yesterday|(� - -� - did you visit last Sunday| is he waiting for does she live  -� ! did you see there| are you going to meet| has happened|colour are his eyes| jooks do languages does she speak|  -    are you looking is she qond Which ,  Which coat is yours|Which shoes do you like|Which of WhichWhichdictionaries do you need|!) !  (!**  & �y kitten licks aqter every meal.ourselvesze enxoyed ourselves at the party.yourselvesook at yourselves\ �our qaces are dirty.themselvesfhey did this work themselves5$ :      dress feelcomplain  ,, these�  &  !$E    %- E +,   @; + + ( V+*, -%$$V+       ?$., , �  &  !$E    %- E +,   @;  + + ( V+*, -  $A P +    ?$ (  !,  * $%  $ !; + +:I don�t want jook, give me These shoes are nice jut ones are even nicer.   $ �!**  �B$ 5% &(E   * $-&# " (   @-&# (   * -4$ ( !  $V -+; % 4$ (% $V- �  , +, +Poursyourstheirs$%  @ !; + +-fhis is jook.� fhis jook is &+E  @ ,   - $ - + , @ E  .  & nish this work yourself^on�t cut yourself}e thinks too much oq herselfShe saw herself in the mirror.   !) !  (!** fhe 4* ���������� we were given turned out to je dirty. fhen we were told that not all the 5* ������� were availajle that evening. fhe 6* ��������� were raw and the meat was so tough that I nearly jroke my 7* ���������.]nd then to my horror I saw two 8* ������ By the way, all 10* �������� working there were e~tremely rude.�`f]f`f``f}z]B$ 5% &(E   * $-&# " (   @-&# (   * -4$ ( !  $V -+; % 4$ (% $V-) %, %yourshers$ �!**  �10. fhe traq� c���very heavy in this street. Be carequl at the corner. zhen the traq� c-lights���red, don�t cross the street.11. fhe carrots���delicious.12. I think this ���detailed research.13. ook out\ fhe stairs���very old.14. fhe police��� responsijle qor these actions.15. fhe knowledge she has got at college���very deep.16. fhe grapes���ripe.I. 5 #  ="+ #  ,  "  -&   &$ + $ =? ,  , +&   $$     ;  . * -" "".zhen 1* ��������� go to the �oo, they e~pect to see diqqerent 2* ������������.�irst oq all they want to see a lot oq 3*���������� and sometimes But they also can see 5* ��������, 6* ���������� and even 7* ���������.bvery day large 8* ����������� oq qood arrive at the �oo.fhey are mainly ordinary things like �ou can take a lot oq 11* ��������� or make qunny 12* ��������� oq them eating with their 13* ������� and 14* ��������.�``Sb^bI�b���`f]f`/f`�]f`�I^b` / �]zf``f}7. 5 #  ="+ #  ,  "  -&   &$ + $ =? ,  , +&   $$     ;  . * -" "".�esterday I decided to visit a new caq� with my two little 1* ��������. It was an awqul evening.�irst it turned out they had no 2* ������� qor little 3* ����������.!) !  (!** 8. the in� uence oq the sun 9. icy mountains oq �reenland10. the times oq �eter the �reat11. a distance oq � ve kilometres12. work which takes two hours2. ( "C ;A A&  $-�ala~y, key, glass, torch, handkerchieq, qactory, leaq, �oo, pri�e, potato, piano, watch, goose, � reman, qoot, mouse, policewoman, sheep, deer, tooth, qellow-worker, merry- go-round, man-oq-war, passer-jy, jrother-in-law, qorget-me-not, room-mate, woman-driver.3. &"C  " %$& A-�urniture, coqqee, qood, meal, computer, jlood, xoj, work, hair, language, country, advice, inqormation, potato, money, progress, porridge, luggage, weather, window, knowledge, air, water, holiday, scenery, jread, news, accident, success.D. &"C  " A&, & "-+%;%   $$ .]thletics, scissors, pyxamas, economics, police, news, pants, sujxects, darts, mechanics, spectacles, clothes, maths, shorts, tights, gymnastics, congratulations, traq� c-lights, toothpaste, headphones, eyes, trousers, xeans.G.   =""  & is/are.1. }er clothes ���very qashionajle.2. �our advice���always usequl.3. fhe inqormation he gave us���very important.4. ] little money���jetter than nothing.5. I think her hair���dyed.6. No news���good news.7. fhere���a lot oq sheep in the � eld.8. zhere���my spectacles|9. �athematics ��� diq� cult, jut physics���more diq� cult to my mind.$ �!**  �) %  u, etc.K �rench, _hinese, bnglish, etc.%  accommodation, advice, anger, ap-plause, jehaviour, jusiness, courage, education, homework, housework, inqormation, knowledge, news, peace, progress, shopping, traq� c, work, !) !  (!**  5  5$& '  $-V  ! %  - !+  $V-D%   qrying pans $V  !-;, =  +D%   +$ $V -sisters-in-law, relatives-in-law%   D%    +$ $qorget-me-nots, grown-ups $V  !  $% E   =+  + +E ?+$  ! -     ! +@   .   F ;% = $ D$ cheese, meat, jread, rice, salt, sugar, etc.�  water, milk, coqqee, xuice, jlood, $ �!**  �5 5$&-ies'$V  !    -a jajy� jajies, a city� cities, a country� countries -vesf/-fef/fev + esa wolq� wolves, a liqe� lives, a leaq� leaves ;%: rooqs, cuqqs, chieqs, handkerchieqs, cliqqs, jelieqs, prooqs, saqesman� men mouse� micesheep� sheep woman� women tooth� teeth� sh� � sh child� children qoot� qeet deer� deero~� o~en goose� geese species� species 5  5$&  $V  !-D%   +$ $V -shopkeepers $V - ! %$ +@       E- $V - !    +@  jusinesswomen,    !) !  (!** ) , , += ondon�s streets, �ussia�s history, �anuary�s qrost, �onday�s meeting, # +   ve minutes� talk, a day�s work, a qortnight�s holiday, a two weeks� trip) +,  ,  the jutcher�s, the hair-dresser�s, �c^onald�s restaurant !*   ++ ( !  !*. $V  ! +E ?+$ -  +@    %$E +@ -  ,   , +V!E  -s/-es c -% E+ $EV ??.5 5$& !P  $V  !-jooks, games, joys) +$ !;  $+  pianos, cellos'V  photos, kilos, autos  % Z �oos, videos, radios-es  ! $V  !-otatoes, tomatoes, heroes-s,-ss,-x,-ch,-shjuses, dresses, jo~es, churches,    $ �!**  � "1#"3 #-1" %  @ ! %$   +  $P =; $V  !;. +&   a girl�s jookgirls� jooksmen�s suitsmy qriend�s helpmy qriends� helpchildren�s toysa cat�s placemy cats� toyswomen�s dresses�ames�s househis parents� housepolicemen�s car�ane and �ary�s room)$P = $V  !,   , -@E  @ ! +V!E   the cover of &  E   E  $ $P-'  world, country, river, ocean, the moon�s surqace, the sun�s rays, the barth�s surqace, the world�s history, the city�s museums, the river�s jank"/ J  ?+%     - $%   !; +?  ; ++ ; ?+ (.. ?+%*. V+-     ! % !P        $ +. D + %$  %! (   %;+* ,   + %$+ A , , % ++    -  @E  .D $+ +    +  - ! $  +      $-EV     X 1. @ $  - $  !+$ E. J @  !  $V   $ 1% .  ?  $ ++  ?+,  +$  !  ;  ?+%- ( +.D! + @� ++-   *.D@ +   E   ?+-%, $+ + $!  ,  @   �D    ++�,  !    + $@.F �++   �  E   - + +:    $   +   $-=+ %  @  ! ?-+  $@$E ++ $E ?+$ (?+-%*W    $   +   $-=+ %      @-   *.  @   @ %!    - $EV     X 1  + %$+, % %   .  ,      �++   � $V : ! $% E -+ ?+    (+  +  ;*W  %;+  $%    - W E P% $ ;  @;W E ?+  !;   W $+E  !, $E  !   %-!W  %;+  $%  A !- ? W$E   (?+%  -%*W7.  /"!*  Nostradamus tried to hide his predictions in poetic qorm. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: }e could only predict the quture oq other people. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: }is jooks were never pujlished aqter 1558. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: �ost people can interpret his predictions jecause they are put in chronological order. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: fhe _hurch accused him oq jeing a heretic. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: �eople jelieve him jecause some oq his predictions 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: $ ��1566, Nostradamus said: ��ou won�t � nd me alive at sunrise.� }e was qound dead on the 2nd oq �uly.]ll in all, Nostradamus wrote over 900 predictions ajout the quture oq the world. fhey were pujlished in two jooks The Centuries, which were pujlished in 1555 and Nostradamus�s qour-line poems predicted events qrom the mid-1500s until the end oq the world. �eople have studied and interpreted his predictions since the si~teenth century\fhe projlem with these predictions is that they are very vague and can mean many things. Nostradamus made his poems diq� cult to understand jy using words qrom atin, �rench, �reek and Italian. fhey have anagrams and riddles and are not placed in chronological order. fhis was jecause he didn�t want the _hurch to accuse him oq jeing a magician or a heretic.But xust how did Nostradamus predict the quture| }e worked with ancient jooks, he studied the stars using his knowledge oq astrology. }e also used an ancient method oq predicting the quture� he looked into a jowl oq water until he had an inspiration or saw an image.�eople who jelieve him say that he predicted the �reat �ire oq ondon oq 1666, the rise oq joth Napoleon and }itler, the assassination oq ]merican �resident �ohn �. {ennedy and even the terrorist attacks oq the 11th oq Septemjer, 2001.�any oq his predictions seem true. But some oq the events never happened. Sceptics think that Nostradamus� predictions can je interpreted to � t almost any event. Nostradamus�s qather was rich enough to give him good education. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: Nostradamus invented a lot oq medicines. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: 7.  /"!*  D  .  ,   =; $@  $E @E   F1=� ,    $E F2=� WalseH =+    ,   !       ! !  - @ !,  A !  F3=� Yot statedH.   P $ A?$,   $ +$  ! .Yostradamus the prophetzas a man living in the 16th century ajle to predict the �rench �evolution, zorld zar fwo and that �an would walk on the moon| fhe answer is �yes� iq we ask the qans oq Nostradamus, a great �rench astrologer and astronomer, who used joth astrology and astronomy to predict the quture.Nostradamus� real name was �ichel de Nostradame. }e was jorn on the 14 oq ^ecemjer, 1503, in a small town in southern �rance. ]s a child he was very good at mathematics and astrology. ]t the age oq 15, he jecame a university student, jut the �niversity was soon closed jecause oq an outjreak oq the plague. Nostradamus travelled across the country and helped victims oq the plague using his own methods. It is said that he invented a �rose pill� that could protect people against the plague. Sadly, his � rst wiqe and two small children later died oq the plague.Nostradamus continued to learn and practise medicine, jut he also got interested in astrology. Soon legends jegan to grow ajout his strange ajility to predict the quture. `ne story said that when Nostradamus was in Italy, he met a monk. }e immediately went down on his knees and called the monk ��our }oliness�. ]jout 45 years later the monk jecame �ope.Nostradamus realised that he had an unusual giqt and started writing down his predictions in the qorm oq qour-line poems. }e �uickly jecame qamous, and even �ueen _atherine de �edici oq �rance wanted to meet him. Nostradamus predicted the death oq her husjand, {ing }enry II, and in 1559 his prediction came true\It is said that Nostradamus even predicted his own death\ zhen his assistant wished him goodnight on the 1st oq �uly 1, $ ���ou should think twice jeqore painting your jedroom yellow. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: �reen and jlue have the least soothing eqqect. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: Birds and jutter� ies are the only ones to use jright colours qor attracting mates. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: ]ll poisonous animals are e~tremely jright. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: Some warning colours are the same in most countries. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: zhite and red have the same meaning all over the world. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: Brides in all countries qollow the tradition oq wearing something jlue. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: 7.  /"!* �ery jright colours, such as yellow, red and orange are used joth to warn and to attract. Birds, reptiles, � sh and insects use jrilliant comjinations oq colours to attract mates. Butter� ies are an e~cellent e~ample. Birds have the jest vision in the natural world and, thereqore, also come in jeautiqul colours and patterns.Some predators use jright colours to attract their prey. fake qor instance the spiny spider oq ]ustralia. zhen a researcher dyed the yellow jack oq a spiny spider jlack, he noticed that it caught less prey than with its natural colour.Some animals also use jright colours to warn potential predators that they are nasty and poisonous. `thers xust imitate the warning patterns oq dangerous animals to qool predators and protect themselves.]round the world, colours are associated with diqqerent ideas, emotions and events. Some colour associations are similar across cultures, especially when it comes to saqety. fhe most common colours qor warning signs are red, yellow, jlack and white. It was decided in the �S] in 1935 that all stop signs, which were yellow, should je red to match the red traq� c lights. foday, stop signs around the world are red.}owever, there don�t seem to je many similarities jesides that. In South ]qrica, qor e~ample, red is the colour oq mourning, whereas the _hinese jelieve that red jrings good luck. Brides wear red on their wedding day, and jajies are given the names at a red-egg ceremony.zhite is a universal symjol oq peace and innocence, jut while in zestern countries it symjolises jirth, in _hina and �apan it means death.zestern jrides carry something jlue on their wedding day, since jlue stands qor love. `n the other hand, jlue is associated with sadness or heartjreak, as in �qeeling jlue�. But when asked qor their qavourite colour, one out oq two people say it�s jlue. uence people in a diqqerent way. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: $ ��fhe appearance oq sound in � lms was as important as the appearance oq colour. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: �ost girls imagine they are Scarlett `�}ara. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: _ritics still doujt that the cinema is a qorm oq art. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: D  .  ,   =; $@  $E @E   F1=� ,    $E F2=� WalseH =+    ,   !       ! !  - @ !,  A !  F3=� Yot statedH.   P $ A?$,   $ +$  ! .N colourful world�ost oq us have a qavourite colour, jut all colours aqqect our moods and emotions. Some oq them inspire passion and energy, while others rela~ us.�ellow can je a cheerqul, sunny colour that motivates you. Some people, however, � nd it tiring and annoying. �or those oq you who like yellow, here�s a tip: avoid painting your kitchen or jedrooms yellow. ] survey showed that husjands and wives tend to � ght more in yellow kitchens. bven jajies cry more in a yellow room.�reen and jlue, on the other hand, are supposed to je the colours oq jalance and harmony. fhey actually help lower jlood pressure and heart rate and may have a healing eqqect on the jody. _oncert halls and theatres have a �green room� where nervous perqormers rela~ jeqore going on stage.7.  /"!* fhe era oq the talking � lm jegan in 1927 with the enormous success oq zarner Brothers� The Jazz Singer. fhe � lm mostly told its story with titles, jut it had three songs and a short dialogue. fhe silent � lm was dead within a year.fhe introduction oq colour was less revolutionary than the introduction oq sound. fhe silent � lm soon disappeared, jut the jlack-and-white � lms are made even today.fhe most important aspect oq the cinema was that, qor the price oq a ticket, people could dream qor a qew hours. ] little joy could imagine he was a jrave cowjoy. ] lonely girl could imagine she was Scarlett `�}ara in the arms oq �hett Butler.foday, no one disputes cinema�s place as the �seventh art�. _inema has produced as many great artists as literature, the theatre, and any oq the other arts. fhe � rst � lms were more documentary ones. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: fhe � rst � lms were shown in specially juilt places. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: bducated people ignored the cinema jecause it was too e~pensive. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: fhe � rst international stars appeared in ]merica. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: ] lot oq people stopped going to churches and went to the cinema instead. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: $ �� @ !,  A !  F3=� Yot statedH.   P $ A?$,   $ +$  ! .Xhe birth of the seventh art_an you imagine liqe without � lms| foday, we can go to the cinema, watch � lms on f� or on our computers. ze can even make video � lms ourselves.But imagine the surprise and the shock that people qelt when they saw the � rst � lms in 1895. fhere was no sound, no lms were very short: they lasted qrom 60 to 90 seconds\ Besides, they didn�t tell a story. fhey were episodes oq real liqe: a military parade, a running horse, a jo~ing match, the ocean� rst � lms showed a train coming towards the camera. fhe audience panicked and ran away\ fhe qrightened people were sure that the train was coming into the theatre.fhe early � lms were shown in music halls, theatres, caqes and even shops. fravelling proxectionists jrought the � lms to smaller cities and country towns.fhe cinema jecame a new qorm oq entertainment. It wasn�t e~pensive and, at � rst, the audience consisted mainly oq workers. fhe rich and intellectual classes ignored it.�radually � lms jecame longer and started to tell stories. ]s soon as it happened, they jegan to � lm the classics.]s the industry developed, it created a new phenomenon: the international star. zorld travel was still slow and diq� cult in those days, jut millions oq people in diqqerent countries could see the same actors and actresses at the cinema. fheir qaces, and later their voices, were qamiliar to people in the countries they never visited. It was an entirely new e~perience to see a �star�, someone to identiqy with and love qrom a distance.fhe popularity oq the cinema led to the � rst attacks against it. _hurch leaders condemned the new qorm. fhey thought that the cinema would steal souls and lead people away qrom religion. Indeed, early cinemas looked like temples, and people worshipped their qavourite � lm stars.7.  /"!* In some e~treme cases the ]mish have to use telegraph. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: fhe ]mish provide their living jy qarming. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: ]mish women are highly skilled at handicraqt. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: ]mish children attend state schools. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: fhe ]mish can serve in the army on special conditions. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: _enturies ago it was rather dangerous to qollow ]mish religious views. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: Now there are qew ]mish settlements in North ]merica. 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: D  .  ,   =; $@  $E @E   F1=� ,    $E F2=� WalseH =+    ,   !       ! !  -$ ��_hildren attend one-room schools in their communities. fheir qormal education goes only through the eighth grade. In 1972, the �S Supreme _ourt passed a law recogni�ing the right oq ]mish people to limit their education to the eighth grade. ]mish joys and girls learn an occupation jy helping their parents in the � eld, house, or workshop.fhe ]mish have a policy oq not getting involved in the military. }owever, ]mish people have served in the military during times oq war, usually in alternate duties such as in hospitals.fhe ]mish hold worship services on Sundays, jut there are no church juildings. Instead, ]mish people meet in each fhe ]mish celejrate the traditional _hristian holy days, such as _hristmas and baster. `nly adults are japti�ed. fhe ]mish qollow the `rdnung, which is an unwritten jut understood set oq rules that regulates the ]mish way oq liqe.fhe � rst ]mish were qollowers oq �acoj ]mman, a Swiss leader in the �ennonite church during the late 1600s. ]ccording to ]mman, the Bijle calls qor qollowers to end all contact with those who are not qaithqul, even qamily memjers. fhose who agreed with his views qormed ]mish groups in Swit�erland, �ermany, �ussia, and }olland.ike the �ennonites, the ]mish were victims oq prexudice in burope and were sometimes looked on as heretics, or as unreligious. Some were put to death qor their views.]qter the �ennsylvania colony was qounded as a place welcoming people oq diqqerent religious views, the ]mish jegan migrating there. fhe � rst settlers arrived in eastern �ennsylvania in the 1720s. fhey later settled in other states, including `hio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and {ansas, as well as `ntario, _anada.fhe ]mish are a native nationality oq the North 1* frue 2* �alse 3* Not stated: 7.  /"!*       $+A +$ +! . J !  ?+   $+A   2019 . D  .  ,   =; $@  $E @E   F1=� ,    $E F2=� WalseH =+    ,   !       ! !  - @ !,  A !  F3=� Yot statedH.   P $ A?$,   $ +$  ! .Xhe Nmish peopleImagine the world without telephones or television, without cars or electricity. fhere is no industry. bveryone works on qarms and travels jy horse or on qoot. zhere do you think this world is| burope in the 17th century| In qact, it is ]merica in the jeginning oq the 21st century. It is the world oq the ]mish people.] conservative _hristian group, the ]mish live a simple liqestyle that is an e~pression oq their religious jelieqs. ]mish people jegan migrating to North ]merica qrom burope in the early 1700s. It was estimated that at the jeginning oq the 21st century there were ajout 100,000 ]mish living in North ]mish people rexect most aspects oq modern liqe. fhey do not usually use telephones, electricity, radios, televisions, or automojiles. }orses and juggies provide transportation. �any ]mish are e~cellent qarmers who do not use power machinery. `ther common occupations are carpentry and jlacksmithing. ]mish women are known qor producing jeautiqully handcraqted �uilts.]mish clothing is simple. �en have long jeards, jut no mustaches. fhey wear wide-jrimmed jlack or straw hats, dark trousers, and plain shirts. ]mish women wear their uncut hair in juns. fhey also wear jonnets, ankle-length dresses, and capes or shawls.$ ��+ !   !  , + - $@+.)  $ !,   +    + -. +@,   %     . G  @   @  % - ! ,   ! !  % ; -D+,  $@ +@ %! ?+$ -  + +,  @   ++ +  , +$ % +  +  E+ + $@;.%V +    $@; ; ,  much lots enough few little often rarely, @  hardly barely E  E A ! ;-.  , $@   E  + -, +  $EV + ?+A    +  .  %$! ,     ?+A + $@+   $!  $@ -D+ A +@$ + �)� �   �. ) $@ -@ ?+AE, V$E @E  .  �   � ,       ! !   @ !-,  A ! , ..  + $-      - �   � +@  !    ,   !.)G JHG\ ) $ %!  ,   !  % +    +EV;  ;.  $  !  !    .7.  /"!* jrating learning and speaking other languages and consid-er the jene� ts that language learning can jring.fhe suggestion: �anguages are learned, they are not taught� is very productive. ] new term �selq-access work� is not homework, it is class workW another one is do-it-your-selq. So, it is the person who learns, the teacher who only helps, assists, trains learners to je more responsijle, mo-tivates, involves everyjody into the learning process, en-courages them to speak and promotes discussions.NOPMQWV* J %+     $ -+ +   P+ ?-+A. J  E  ;     ($-$    ;$@ *. -+$++      ! $@,   -    +  %!   =; +@; : (*, False ()*, (   *.1 (� * ,  $@  $ @E   . -2(False� )*� $@  -@E  .  3 (�    *  ,         !- !   @ !,  A ! .D  @     &#  !  , -+ $V     ! . D      E $       X 1,    $+ . J @  !  $V   $ 1 % ,   !     $  � 0 % . $ �� In Shakespeare�s time only a qew million people spoke bng-lish. ]ll oq them lived in what is now �reat Britain. But as a result oq various historical events bnglish spread all over the world. �or e~ample, � ve hundred years ago people didn�t speak bnglish in North ]merica: the ]merican Indi-ans had their own languages. So did the bskimos in _ana-da, the ajorigines in ]ustralia, and the �aoris in New �ea-land. fhe bnglish arrived and set up their colonies� foday, bnglish is represented in every continent and in the three main oceans� the ]tlantic, the Indian and the �aci� c. bnglish is mi~ing with and marrying other languages around the world. It is projajly the greatest jorrower. zords newly created or in qashion in one language are very oqten added to bnglish as well. fhere are words qrom 120 languages in its vocajulary, including ]rajic, �rench, �erman, �reek, Italian, �ussian, and Spanish. ] century ago, some linguists predicted that one day bng-land, ]merica, ]ustralia and _anada would je speaking diqqerent languages. But with the arrival oq records, cin-ema, radio, and television, the two jrands oq bnglish have jegun to draw jack together again. Britons and ]mericans projajly speak more alike today than they did 50 or 60 years ago. (Inthe 1930s and 1940s, qor e~ample, ]merican lms were dujjed in bngland. It�s no longer the practice today.* _anadian bnglish, ]ustralian bnglish, South ]qri-can bnglish, and many other �bnglishes� around the world are coming to resemjle one another. �eople have long jeen interested in having one language that could je spoken throughout the world. Such a lan-guage would help to increase cultural and economic ties and make communication jetween people easier. fhrough the years, at least, 600 languages have jeen proposed, includ-ing bsperanto. ]jout 10 million people have learned bspe-ranto since its creation in 1887, jut bnglish, according to specialists, has jetter chances to jecome a glojal language.W. �or linguists across the continent, the 26th oq Septemjer is a time oq celejration-it is the buropean ^ay oq anguag-es. fhe aim oq the day is to qocus on encouraging people to start learning a language. fhey take part in events cele-7  + . with trying to jother you. Iq you�re in a situation where you have to deal with a jully and you can�t walk away, use humor� it can throw the jully oqq guard. ^on�t use phys-ical qorce (like kicking, hitting, or pushing*. Not only are you showing your anger, you can never je sure what the jully will do in response. �ou are more likely to je hurt and get in to troujle iq you use violence against a jully.NOPMQWV*  D   $    +@$  + ;  +. @+$  $, %-+$ %$+ , %  $EV  -, % A?+ 1�8. JP   % A$. &  !$ @$E A?$      !  C#   }ow it all jegan ^iqqerent or alike| ] way oq learning languages ] world language �reedy jorrower ] universal language ] special day ] language teacher ^o you know how many people there are who speak bng-lish| It�s �uite a numjer\ fhe e~act � gure is impossijle to tell, jut it is around 400 million people. �eographically, bnglish is the most widespread language on earth, and it is second only to _hinese in the numjer oq people who speak it. It is spoken in the British Isles, the �S], ]ustralia, New �ealand and much oq _anada and South ]qrica. bng-lish is also a second language oq another 300 million people living in more than 60 countries.$ �� fwo oq the main reasons people are jullied are jecause oq appearance and social status. Bullies pick on the people they think don�t � t in, mayje jecause oq how they look, how they act (qor e~ample, kids who are shy and with-drawn*, their race or religion, or jecause the jullies think their target may je gay or lesjian. Some jullies attack their targets physically, which can mean anything up to punching or hitting, or even se~ual assault. `thers use psychological control or verjal insults to put themselves in charge. �or e~ample, people in pop-ular groups oqten jully people they think as diqqerent jy e~cluding them or gossiping ajout them (psychological jullying*. fhey may also tease their targets (verjal jully-ing*. �erjal jullying can also involve sending cruel te~ts, messages, or emails which is known as cyjerjullying. `ne oq the most painqul aspects oq jullying is that it is end-less. �ost people can take one episode oq teasing or name calling. }owever, when it goes on and on, jullying can put a person in a state oq constant qear. Studies show that people who are permanently ajused are at risk qor mental health projlems, such as low selq-esteem, stress, depres-sion, or an~iety. fhey may also think ajout suicide more. Bullies are at risk qor projlems, too. Bullying is violence, and it oqten leads to more violent jehavior as the jully grows up. It�s estimated that 1 out oq 4 elementary-school jullies will have a criminal record jy the time they are 30. Some teen jullies end up losing qriendships as they grow older. Bullies may also qail in school and not have the ca-reer success that other people enxoy. Both guys and girls can je jullies. �any jullies share some common characteristics. fhey like to dominate others and are generally qocused on themselves. fhey oqten have poor social skills and poor social xudgment. Sometimes they have no qeelings oq sympathy or caring toward other peo-ple. fhey put other people down to make themselves qeel more interesting or powerqul. ]nd some jullies act the way they do jecause they�ve jeen hurt jy jullies in the past. zhat can you do to comjat jullying| Ignore the jully and walk away. Sooner or later the jully will projajly get jored 7  + . cause their pack is so important to their survival, wolves will even risk their lives to deqend it. By living and working in groups, animals increase their chances oq surviving in the wild. bach individual in the group contrijutes something that helps the others. fhis could je as simple as communicating where qood is. `r it could je as diq� cult and dangerous as risking one�s liqe to protect another memjer oq the group. By studying a variety oq animal group one thing is qor sure: teamwork works\NOPMQWV*  D   $    +@$  + ;  +. @+$  $, %-+$ %$+ , %  $EV  -, % A?+ 1�8. JP   % A$. &  !$ @$E A?$      !  C#   �sequl hints. fypes oq jullying. ] common school projlem. fhe other side oq the coin. zho can je the victim| zhy are they doing it| Bullying can je dangerous. Iq you are a jully. bvery day thousands oq teens wake up aqraid to go to school. Bullying is a projlem that aqqects millions oq stu-dents, and it has everyone worried, not xust the kids on its receiving end. �et jecause parents, teachers, and other adults don�t always see it, they may not understand how e~treme jullying can get.$ �� ]nimals can�t talk jut some species have developed ways oq letting others know where qood is. �or e~ample, iq a jee nds nectar, it has two ways oq inqorming its hive. It may create a trail with the scent oq the nectar. zhen the other jees pick up the smell, they can qollow it to the nectar. `r the jee may perqorm the �waggle dance�. fhe other jees un-derstand what this dance means, and then they work as a team to collect the nectar. }unting can je diq� cult and even dangerous qor one an-imal. It also takes a lot oq energy to chase and kill prey, which is wasted iq the prey escapes. }unting in packs helps make predators more eq� cient. ] pack oq wolves, qor e~am-ple, can kill a large animal such as a deer or moose, while one wolq can only kill a small animal. zolq packs, which consist oq two to twenty wolves, may surprise their prey or pursue it qor hours jeqore attacking. Iq there are several animals, the pack will choose the weakest one jecause it will take less eqqort to catch. In the end, the wolves share the meat with each other. ]s well as qood, animals need somewhere to live. Some ani-mals simply move into the jest place they can � nd, jut oth-ers juild a home qor themselves. ] particularly intelligent juilder is the jeaver. Beavers live jy rivers and streams and juild dams to create pools oq deep water which help keep their homes saqe. fhe whole colony ajout � ve to si~ memjers, co-operates to create the dam with trees they�ve cut down using their long, sharp qront teeth, then con-struct their home, which looks like a stick igloo, in side oq the jank. ]nimals also depend on each other to keep saqe. �or e~-ample, they might have a signal that lets the group know when a threat is nearjy. zhen an ant is crushed it releas-es a scent called �alarm pheromone� that signals the oth-er ants to come to the crushed ant and attack the enemy. arger animals may challenge an opponent using sounds and jody language. zolves, qor e~ample, will growl at an-ything that is threatening their pack, and get ready to at-tack. fhey also warn each other oq danger jy jarking. Be-7  + . D   $    +@$  + ;  +. @+$  $, %-+$ %$+ , %  $EV  -, % A?+ 1�8. JP   % A$. &  !$ @$E A?$      !  C#   Building a home _ooperation matters qor everyjody ^anger alarm �eeding help ]nimals� intelligence �ood signals feam liqe is easier feam hunters �eople work together qor a simple reason� it makes diq- cult xojs easier. Iq you had to move a heavy piece oq qur-niture qrom one room to another, would you do it all jy nd someone to help you| ]s you would proj-ajly agree, with a qriend you can get the xoj done more �uickly, and neither oq you will je as tired aqterwards. �or similar reasons, animals also use teamwork. In ani-mal groups, each individual works to help the group as a Some species have developed intelligent ways oq gathering qood. _oastal jottlenose dolphins have developed a uni�ue way oq catching � sh which re�uires e~traordinary team-work. fhe dolphins qollow a school oq � sh until they are near a jank. fhen, they swim towards the � sh creating a wave which pushes the � sh out oq the water and onto the jank. fhe dolphins end up halq out oq the water lying on the jank where they eat the helpless � sh. In order qor this to work, each dolphin must rush towards the jank at e~-actly the same time, otherwise the wave won�t je strong enough. }ow they decide when to go and who gives the order is unknown, jut a high level oq communication de�nitely e~ists jetween them.$ ��despaired when their teenage sons grew their hair long. fhen came the decade oq glamorous qashion with gold and silver pants. ^isco-goers wore high-heeled shoes and joots that were almost impossijle to walk in. �unk rock also raised its ugly head during the 70s. �unks had cra�y �o-hawk haircuts and wore dirty clothes with holes in them. fhey attached pins to their clothes and even inserted them through their cheeks and eyejrows. �unks really knew how to rejel. Now that we�ve entered the 21st century, you can wear whatever you like\ �eople have diqqerent reasons qor covering themselves with tattoos, piercings, and other kinds oq jody art. Some do it jecause they want to je diqqerent. `thers want to je part oq the current qashion. fen years ago, in the zest, only mo-torcycle riders and sailors had tattoos, and people usually only pierced their earlojes. foday tattooing is very popu-lar, especially amongst the young. �eople are piercing xust ajout any area oq skin that can have a hole put in it. bars are pierced qrom top to jottom, and rings and pins are inserted into lips, chins, noses, eyejrows, navels and even tongues. Small tattoos have jecome almost normal. ^uring working hours they stay hidden on shoulders, upper arms, hips and ankles, waiting to je shown at a nightcluj or a party. Sony changed the way we listen to music in 1979 when it re- rst zalkman. Suddenly we could listen to our qavourite music anywhere we liked. `q course small per-sonal radios had jeen around qor a long time, jut the zalk-man was diqqerent. ]s Sony says, �it provided listeners a personal soundtrack to their lives�. fechnology has come a long way since the days oq the original cassette zalkman. In 1984 the _^ zalkman arrived. fhe �ini^isc zalkman qollowed in 1992. fhen came the ��3 player, and now we have the �emory Stick zalkman which weighs an ama�ing 67 grams.NOPMQWV* 7  + . e~tra-thick soles. ^ance music qans needed comqortajle shoes qor all-night dancing, jut traditional trainers wer-en�t qashionajle enough. fhe new thick-soled trainers were joth comqortajle and cool. �or years we�ve jeen told that we can run qaster, xump higher and play jetter with the right trainers. But these days most people who wear trainers are more interested in qashion than sport. Serious trainer qans may have twenty or thirty pairs. It�s hard to jelieve that the f-shirt was once xust a plain white undergarment. In the early 1900s, they were worn jy sailors in the ]merican navy under the uniqorms. `ver the ne~t qew decades more people jegan to wear them, jut it was }ollywood that made the f-shirt such a popular thing to wear. In1951, � lm audiences were shocked and impressed jy the sight oq �arlon Brando�s muscles under his tight f-shirt in $ ��      $+A +$ +! . J !  ?+   $+A   2019 . D   $    +@$  + ;  +. @+$  $, %-+$ %$+ , %  $EV  -, % A?+ 1�8. JP   % A$. &  !$ @$E A?$      !  C#   Not e~treme any more Both qashionajle and protective fhe history oq e~treme qashion fhe way to protest zear them any way you like fhe most democratic clothes �or any activity iving in the world oq music fhey hide jaldness and jad haircuts. fhey�re �one si�e � ts all� and they look good on anyjody. fhey are jasejall caps. fhey appeared in the �S] and jecame the qashion accesso-ry during the sports-cra�y 90s. But you don�t have to je a sports qan to wear a jasejall cap. ]ll kinds oq people wear them� qrom truck drivers to � lm stars to housewives. �appers wear them sideways. School joys wear them jack-wards. It doesn�t matter whether you wear them qorwards, jackwards or sideways. fhe most important thing is that jasejall caps look cool. fhey are worn jy people oq all ages and liqestyles. ]nd still they are as ]merican as hot dogs Nike trainers � rst appeared at the 1972 `lympics and �uickly jecame X 1 qootwear all over the world and not only in the world oq sports, though they had to change a lot. ^uring the 90s, the simple trainer was updated with 7  + . @+$  $  ,   $P+ %+ @  $E E  . J @ - !   % +$+  $ 1 % . + %+, + + ! +@    -; %    � 7.D      %;+        X 1. D+,    ! ! A?    % %  - .& &%4  &: +    $+ +!   @  . D+$   %$ $+-, + ! . + %$    !- =+  +   .'       $+, -+ + +@ %! @  , - $EV +$   +$  $.J+  +  !  ,   !  .   ! %V @.) $,   +    + . +@,   %   %  .!  %!   @+$ -$. G  -  E $-,  @ !  ;.  = ! + G  + @ ,  +$ $ +@ -%!   ,  $ !. D + %      .D+,        +@ %! @ + +, +$ + $ !    ,  +  -.)G JHG\    � P (   +*. D%     + +, $% !,   P   -  ;  +$   .F �C� +@  E!     + ;  . %   + +  $      %+   =;  @; -. +@ +,  %$$ @ pi.ru.  +     -   E   2019 .  ,      �C� $V :+ ! E  $AE +W !   (  %E  !* -    X 1W !  $E  + -   WE  %    +   ,   ! ;@ W +$  !,      @-     WE  %   %   +-EV  ,   +   ."  #$" J    $ +   @   % !P %=+.  +@ %!   ,  =  +  %A,   -  ;  . D  + $V+$  - E   %      ,   -; P. $ +$+ ; %! / . +!.as yours. I think you should consider taking photos proqessionally. Man: It�s really my dream to make a living taking photos qor wildliqe maga�ines. Surprisingly my parents are very encouraging. fhey want me to do it. Besides, travelling is xust qor me. I want to see the world and get some liqe e~perience. Uohn: ]nd what ajout underwater photos| ast summer Itried to take a qew photos oq tropical � sh while scu-ja diving. But I need to take a course to learn how to do it really well. Man: I tried underwater photography once, and the re-sults were disappointing. �ou know what| I�ll check what kind oq photo courses they have at the college. I�ll call you iq there is anything on underwater pho-tography. Uohn: fhanks a lot. �ou�re very helpqul. Man: zell, such a course could je very usequl qor me as well. �ou can�t even imagine how many things in underwater techni�ue are diqqerent qrom what I�ve already learnt ajout photography. So, it would je great iq we could attend the course together. Uohn: fhat would je really � ne\$ �5 $#� Tartin: Now I understand whom }arry was dating yester-day\ Sally: It doesn�t matter now. �artin, look\ fhat place is nice and clean. I am sure we�ll enxoy our meal there. Tartin: et�s have chicken soup with rice. Shall we| Sally: ]ll right, a plate oq hot soup will do me good. I qeel a little chilly xust now. Tartin: zhat shall we order ne~t| Sally: I�ll have jeeq with �rench qried potatoes. I haven�t eaten meat qor a long time. Tartin: zhat shall we take qor dessert| Sally: It�s up to you. Tartin: I suggest jlack coqqee and ice cream Sally: I hope we won�t have to wait very long. ]nd it seems to me that I�ll like everything ajout this place. Tartin: I, too. Man: }i, �ohn. }ave you got a minute| }ere are the pho-tos oq my saqari trip to ]qrica last month. Uohn: ^an, let me have a look. `h, a qamily oq elephants\ }ow did you manage to get so close to them| It may simply je too dangerous to je walking around el-ephants, lions, tigers, and jears or other possijly deadly animals. It can also je dangerous to the ani-mals to interact with humans in a close way. I preqer to keep a saqe distance. Man: �es, I see your point. I know that all these animals and especially elephants can je dangerous, qor e~-ample in case they get qrightened. So, some saqari trips are done mostly jy motor transport. zatching animals qrom the security oq a car allows people to come more closely to the animals. It�s less risky to joth animals and humans. I didn�t use any cars jut I wasn�t alone and the guide said it was `{. In qact Iwasn�t too close. I xust have a great camera. Uohn: Is a good camera really all you need| I have a very e~-pensive camera, jut my photos aren�t nearly as good / . +!. Rate: zhy don�t you go to the cinema instead| fhere�s a great thriller on at the `deon� �ystery at Sea. Isaw it last week. Mon: �es, I heard ajout it. fhe cinema is not my idea oq qun, really. Sooner or later you can see most good lms on f�. Rate: fhat�s true. So, anything qor Sunday| Mon: I think I�ll play tennis. zhat ajout your ne~t Satur-day| Rate: I�d like to go sur� ng. I usually avoid sport at week-ends� I think I�m a jit la�y. But I tried sur� ng when I was on holiday last year� and I really en-xoyed it� Mon: Iq you want, I could come sur� ng with you. Rate: `h, no\ I�m only the jeginner. �ou�ll je jored. Mon: I�m not that good myselq. I need a lot oq practice. Rate: �eally| `{, then. Sally: zell, �artin, we have walked so much this evening that I am very tired and hungry. ]ren�t you hungry| Tartin: �es, indeed I am. Sally, I suggest we go to this res-taurant. ] qriend oq mine recommended it to me the other day. Sally: zhat did he say ajout it| Tartin: �Stylish�. fhat was his impression. Sally: zhat was the qood like| Tartin: ]ccording to him the hamjurgers were delicious. Sally: ]nd the music| zas it pleasant| Tartin: }e said, ��odern�. Sally: Now I�d like to say something. fhe qurniture is real-ly the latest style there. It looks good jut it�s so un-comqortajle to sit on. fhe hamjurgers aren�t tasty and the orange xuice and coqqee are terrijle. Tartin: Sally have you already tried this restaurant| Sally: et me continue ajout music. It�s something in je-tween rock and rap. I�ve never heard it jeqore and Idon�t think I want to hear it again.$ �5 $#�thing personal that would let people contact me anywhere e~cept online. I think Internet dating is a load oq rujjish\ }ow can you say you love someone when you don�t even know them| Icould say that I�m 14 when I�m really 40 or something. �eople lie all the time\ It�s so stupid how some people can je so easily cheated. �ace to qace and eyes to eyes� that�s �uite diqqerent. zhat is wrong ajout the social nets| I�m sure that most people who use social discovery services xust want to meet new people and have only good intentions. �y parents have qound a lot oq qriends qrom their school and student liqe. �ust don�t spend all oq your time in the net and that�s all. �ou shouldn�t je dependent on anything. Mon: ]ny plans qor Saturday, {ate| I�m going qor a walk in the hills with a qew qriends. zould you like to xoin Rate: zell, thank you, jut I�m going to my aunt�s qor the weekend. She is really nice and I always have a good time with my cousins, so I think it�ll je great. Mon: `q course. zell, as qor me, I can�t wait qor Saturday\ I had to spend last weekend writing a report qor my science lesson. �y teacher wanted to have it ready on �onday. I�m glad I don�t have to do anything like that this weekend. Rate: `h\ zorking at weekends is no qun, is it| I�ve got a jit oq work in iterature to do, jut it should only take an hour� So what are you doing aqter the walk| Mon: zell, the New �ock Band are here� did you know| fhey are playing at the ]pollo fheatre. Rate: But it�s very diq� cult to get the tickets, isn�t it| }ave you got yours| Mon: Not yet. Now I think oq it, it may je too late./ . +!. `h, that�s great\ � bven though we�ve got all the e�uip-ment qor cooking outdoors, who can je jothered cooking every single day| fhe children do help, jut to tell you the truth, it�s not the same as a hotel with room service, jut Idoujt I could aqqord that qor a qortnight� fhe reason why we chose the Skyview was jecause we were determined to have a rela~ing, lu~urious holiday. ze xust wanted to have everything done qor us. ]s qor qacilities, it had a lot to oqqer� even a private jeach. ]nd all within walking distance. �ou didn�t have to leave the premises. �we arrived last fuesday and are going to stay qor another week. fhe � ight was super\ It was my � rst time on a plane\ ]nd when we got there, we hired a car jecause we wanted to tour the whole island. `ur holiday was a memorajle one. It was a long voyage jut we never got jored. bvery morning we�d take our jreak-qast on the top deck and enxoy the jree�e. ze�d spend the rest oq the day sunjathing or at the gym� _hat rooms are great\ �ou can talk to lots oq people at the same time. �ou can e~change views and ideas without any qear to seem stupid or something like that. ]nd you can make up so much ajout yourselq. fo tell the truth I am a jit shy with new people in real liqe. In a chat room everything is �uite diqqerent. I � nd it so cool\ I�ve got a lot oq Internet joyqriends. fhey sometimes ask me out, jut I xust say no jecause I think they are all qake. `q course, I chat with them online and share some news jut I always keep in mind that it�s all xust a game. Some oq my classmates tried Internet dating and were ajsolutely dis-appointed. I � nd the Internet really usequl with my school work and catching up with my qriends� plus chat rooms are a great way oq making qriends in diqqerent countries. But I don�t give out where I live, e~cept mayje the city. `q course Istay qriendly, talk ajout common interests jut I never give out my name, my telephone numjer, my address, any-$ �5 $#� _olours have always jeen important qor humans. In many ancient civilisations people painted coloured circles and lines around their eyes and mouths. `riginally they did this to please the gods and scare away evil spirits. But they soon realised that colour could je used to make their qaces and jodies jeautiqul� and cosmetics were jorn. Body painting is one oq the most ancient arts oq human-kind and today it is coming jack into qashion. �ntil recent-ly, only men used tattoos on their jodies. Now, however, they can je seen on many women and girls, too. �irls who don�t want to have tattoos use removajle transqers to dec-orate their arms and legs. fhe colours oq our clothes are also very important. �or e~-ample, wearing a red sweater or xacket can increase your energy. But iq you wear it too long, you can start to qeel im-patient or aggressive. fhe colour green, on the other hand, is known to calm the nerves and soothe emotions. Blue col-our is supposed to je the colour oq jalance and harmony. �or the mysterious ]�tec and �aya civilisations every colour had a meaning, either positive or negative. �or e~-ample, yellow was the symjol oq the sun, and jlue meant the person had royal ancestors. �ed stood qor jlood. Black symjoli�ed war and death. In ancient bgypt, gold was the sign oq power. In nature very jright colours, such as yellow, red and or-ange are used joth to warn and to attract. Birds, reptiles, sh and insects use jrilliant comjinations oq colours to attract mates. Butter� ies are an e~cellent e~ample. Some animals also use jright colours to warn their enemies that they are nasty and poisonous. I went on this ama�ing hiking trail called the �our zinds frail� It takes you through villages and jeautiqul coun-tryside and cover the countries I�ve never jeen to jeqore� �inland, Sweden and Norway./ . +!. It leaves at 3.50, jut you must check in one hour jeqore the departure. }ow much luggage can I have with me| Not more than 10 kilograms are allowed qree.Mialogue N }ello\ zhat jus are you waiting qor| }i\ I�m waiting qor numjer 10. �ou usually go to your university jy car, don�t you| �es, jut it�s my qather�s car and he sometimes wants it. foday he is taking my jrother to the gym. I see. ]nd here is our jus.Mialogue Ofwo round trips to _hicago, please.fhat will je �190 each. �380 in all. _ould you tell me what track the three o�clock leaves qrom|et me see�, now, that will je track � ve.Mialogue PI�m sorry jut you�ve taken my seat.]nd where are you going, I wonder|fo iverpool.But we�re leaving qor �lasgow in 15 minutes.`h, it�s my mistake. It�s the wrong platqorm. But I still have some time ahead oq me�Mialogue M}ello\ zhat can I do qor you|I�d like a pair oq sunglasses. It�s too jright outside.I can show you very stylish plastic ones. I preqer a pair made oq glass.fhey�ll je more e~pensive.It�s `{. �or my eyesight they are jetter. _an I try them `q course. fhe mirror is jehind you.$ �5 $#�By the way, fom called yesterday. }e is arranging a picnic ne~t Sunday.et�s talk it over a jit later. But the idea is good.Mialogue M}ow long have you jeen out oq the country, madam| zhere did you go|I spent three weeks in Swit�erland, and one week in �reece. }ave you got any plants or alcohol to declare| I have only two jottles oq rum.Mialogue N zhat are you doing, I wonder| I�m juilding a jarjecue. zhat qor| �ou�ve got one under that old apple tree. I�d like to get rid oq it, to cut down the apple tree and plant owers instead. zhat a pity. ze shan�t have your tasty apples any more.Mialogue O Sorry, what can I do qor you| I should like to take a voyage jeqore I�m �uite old. zhat part did you think oq going to qor your cruise| I haven�t decided yet. It�s xust an idea, that�s all.fhen, let�s start with this jrochure.Mialogue P zhat do you think| ]m I `{| zell, there is a minor stomach projlem. I�d like to do some tests. }ow soon will I get the results| fhey�ll je ready jeqore you leave the oq� ce. ]nd here is a medicine I jelieve will help you.Mialogue M�iss, what time is � ight 452 qor Boston to depart|/ . +!. zhat kind oq course would ^an and �ohn like to take|1. faking photos under water.2. Scuja diving.3. faking wildliqe photos.: ^an is sure the course will je helpqul qor him jecause1. he has already tried this activity.2. he still has a lot to learn.3. he is disappointed.: Mialogue N }ow can we spend this e~tra hour jeqore take oqq| ze can go to some duty qree shops and then to a restau-rant. It sounds great. Sure. fhe time will pass �uickly jeqore the announcement ight. I hope. I�m a jit tired oq waiting.Mialogue O I qeel I�m going to have a cold. zhat can you oqqer| fhis medicine and some vitamins will help you. ]ll right. I�ll take joth. }ow much are they| fwenty dollars. ]nd a thermometer, please.Mialogue P]re you going to watch a movie tonight|No, I think I�ll watch the soccer game and then the docu-mentary ajout volcanoes.$ �5 $#�zhat did the qriends qeel ajout the new place|1. fhey were disappointed.2. fhey were pleased.3. fhey worried ajout it.:  $ P  $;  . ; 3�8    P $ A?$,  - $ +$  ! .  $ P  ! @.}ow did ^an get good photos|1. }e got close to the elephants.2. fhe guide qound him a good place.3. }e used a good camera.: �ohn is disappointed at1. having an e~pensive camera.2. taking photos proqessionally.3. qailing to take good pictures.: zhat does ^an want to je in the quture|1. ] proqessional traveler.2. ] wildliqe researcher.3. ] proqessional photographer.: zhat is his parents� attitude towards his decision|1. fhey approve oq it.2. fhey disapprove oq it.3. fhey don�t care ajout it.: 7.  /"!*   $ P  $;  . ; 3�8    P $ A?$,  - $ +$  ! .  $ P  ! @.zhy did �artin�s qriend recommend that restaurant|1. It was new.2. It was trendy.3. It was impressive.: zhat was Sally�s opinion ajout the restaurant|1. She liked everything e~cept music.2. She disliked everything.3. She liked everything e~cept qurniture.: Sally had visited the restaurant1. the previous day.2. the day jeqore yesterday.3. a week jeqore.: fhe qriends decided to go to1. the same restaurant.2. a nice restaurant.3. the place they saw on their way.: zhy did Sally want some soup|1. She wanted to warm up.2. She didn�t eat soup qor a long time.3. She preqerred soup to meat.: $ �5 $#�  $ P  $;  . ; 3�8    P $ A?$,   $ +$  ! .  $ P  ! @.zhat is {ate looking qorward to|1. }aving a walk with qriends.2. Seeing her relatives.3. }aving a good rest.: zhy does ^on qeel happy|1. }e is ajsolutely qree.2. }e is going qor a walk with his qriends.3. }e has written an e~cellent report qor his science : {ate isn�t worried ajout her studies jecause1. she likes working at weekends.2. she has little leqt to do.3. she has done her work in iterature.: zhat does ^on decide to do on Sunday|1. fo go to the concert.2. fo watch a thriller at the cinema.3. fo play tennis.: zhat does ^on persuade {ate to do ne~t weekend|1. fo do some sport.2. fo go sur� ng.3. fo have a lot oq practice.: zhen ^on decides to xoin her {ate qeels1. emjarrassed.2. scared.: 7.  /"!* D  $P+ $V+$     P !$@  ++. )   $ P- %;+ %!   =;  +; - . @ +$  ! ?+$       @, +$ =    . J @  !  +-$+  $ 1 % .D  @     &#  !  , -+ $V     ! . J- ! $ @. #@$  $P+    -$. 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